Ancient DNA from Ukraine

Main archaeological groups: Ukraine N (37), Ukraine Kirovohrad N (27), Ukraine LIA Scythian (24), Ukraine Zaporizhia N (20), Ukraine Mesolithic (19).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: I2a (86), R1b (65), R1a (37), G2a (17), E1b (10), Q1b (9).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: U5a (74), U5b (29), U4a (27), U4b (23), H (15), U2e (15).

📊 How Ukraine's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.

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Period by period

Excavation sites

• Deriivka 59, 8,594 BC to 2,785 BC
• Verteba Cave 39, 3,747 BC to 893 BC
• Mayaky 25, 4,393 BC to 2,697 BC
• Vilnianka 23, 5,576 BC to 4,992 BC
• Yasynuvatka 15, 5,575 BC to 4,667 BC
• Kartal 14, 4,017 BC to 800 BC
• Vovnihy-2 14, 5,581 BC to 4,811 BC
• Igren'-8 13, 6,794 BC to 422 BC
• Vasylivka-Dnieperpetrovsk-1 13, 9,936 BC to 8,400 BC
• Mamay-Gora 11, 6,500 BC to AD 1450
• Vovnihy-1 11, 5,639 BC to 5,303 BC
• Оleksandria 11, 4,914 BC to 2,035 BC
• Vasylivka-Zaporizhia 9, 8,408 BC to 6,150 BC
• Bilsk hillfort 7, 625 BC to 350 BC
• Liubasha|Novohryhoryvka 7, 2,955 BC to 1,325 BC
• Nikol’ske 7, 5,077 BC to 4,349 BC
• Shуshakу 7, AD 235 to AD 350
• Medvyn 6, 650 BC to 628 BC
• Shevchenko 6, 2,900 BC
• Verkhnii Saltiv 6, AD 748 to AD 850
• Znamianka 6, 2,966 BC to 2,548 BC
• Kumy 5, 2,670 BC to AD 1350
• Mamai-Gora 5, 5,700 BC to 270 BC
• Medvyn-1 5, 637 BC to 594 BC
• Revova 4, 3,678 BC
• Usatove-Bolšoj Kujalnik 4, 3,882 BC to 3,582 BC
• Vapnyarka 4, 2,694 BC to 2,615 BC
• Bochkove 3, AD 748 to AD 850
• Donets hillfort 3, AD 1300
• Dykyi Sad 3, 1,100 BC
• Ilatka 3, 2,831 BC to 2,784 BC
• Lehedzyne 3, AD 350 to AD 413
• Maslyny 3, 76 BC
• Odesa 3, 2,749 BC
• Oleksandrivskyi necropolis 3, 517 BC to 295 BC
• Petrykiv 3, 1,181 BC to 244 BC
• Pisochyn 3, 400 BC
• Rovantsi 3, 850 BC
• Starosillіa-1 3, 656 BC to 600 BC
• Vasylivka-Zaporizhia-3 3, 8,708 BC
• Vynohradne 3, 4,073 BC
• Baranove 2, 2,900 BC to 2,350 BC
• Beremiany 2, 1,819 BC to 1,720 BC
• Dubynovе 2, 2,490 BC to 2,283 BC
• Karavan 2, 639 BC
• Kolomak 2, 287 BC to 278 BC
• Kordyshiv-8 2, 1,592 BC to 1,582 BC
• Kup'evaha 2, 565 BC to 545 BC
• Lysa Gora 2, 5,067 BC to 4,067 BC
• Molyukhіv-Bugor 2, 3,708 BC to 3,700 BC
• Nyzhnia Gyivka 2, 450 BC to 350 BC
• Shestovytsia 2, AD 1050
• Sychavka kurgan 2, 2,678 BC to 1,811 BC
• Vasylivka-Dnieperpetrovsk 2, 5,283 BC to 5,152 BC
• Vesele 2, 350 BC
• Volos'ke 2, 9,583 BC to 4,525 BC
• Vypovziv 2, AD 1700
• Biały Potok 1, 1,527 BC
• Bil'shivtsi 1, 2,140 BC
• Cheremushna 1, 643 BC
• Chernigіv 1, AD 1050
• Dykyi-Sad-hillfort 1, 1,186 BC
• Grishkivka 1, 425 BC
• Kam`iana-Mogyla 1, 2,750 BC
• Kartal-3 hillfort 1, 897 BC
• Kleshnya-3 1, 979 BC
• Kolomak-hillfort 1, 281 BC
• Komariv 1, AD 262
• Komariv-1 1, AD 322
• Kopachіv 1, 3,985 BC
• Kupievakha 1, 698 BC
• Liubivka 1, AD 150
• Lutsk 1, AD 1250
• Mala Rogozianka 1, 600 BC
• Mamay-Surka 1, AD 1350
• Mariupol' 1, 5,378 BC
• Mykhailivka 1, 3,562 BC
• Nesterivka 1, 226 BC
• Ozera 1, 3,005 BC
• Ploske 1, AD 1300
• Shyshaky 1, AD 326
• Staryi-Merchik-2 1, 300 BC
• Sukha Gomilsha 1, 1,696 BC
• Velyka Znamianka 1, AD 1150
• Zolochiv 1, AD 350
• Zvenihorod 1, AD 1200

Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.