Ancient DNA from Romania

240 ancient people from Romania have had their genome published, from 38,032 BC to AD 1007. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.

240ancient individuals
36excavation sites
16published studies
38,032 BColdest individual

Main archaeological groups: Romania C Bodrogkeresztur (82), Romania C Gumelnita (47), Romania EBA Yamnaya (17), Romania IronGates Mesolithic (10), Romania BA Arman (7).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: R1b (28), G2a (24), I2a (23), C1a (11), H (5), J2a (5).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: K1a (28), J1c (23), H (22), U5a (16), T2b (10), K1 (8).

📊 How Romania's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.

Find the ancient individuals closest to your own town →

Period by period

Before 10,000 BC (6 individuals)

Groups: Romania UP (4), Romania IUP (2). Y-DNA: A0 (2), I (1), I2a (1). mtDNA: U6 (1).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
38,032 BC Romania IUP Oase Cave A0-T
38,032 BC Romania IUP Oase Cave A0-T
32,465 BC Romania UP Peştera-Muierilor U6
32,465 BC Romania UP Peştera-Muierilor
30,719 BC Romania UP Cioclovina I2a1a2b
30,719 BC Romania UP Cioclovina I

10,000 to 5,000 BC (43 individuals)

Groups: Romania IronGates Mesolithic (10), Romania Eneolithic-oEEF (7), Romania EN (3), Romania EN Cris (2). Y-DNA: R1b (8), G2a (5), I2a (5), CT (1). mtDNA: J1c (7), H (6), K1 (6), K1a (5).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
7,762 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Ostrovul-Corbului R1b H13
7,762 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic-Dup Ostrovul-Corbului P1~ H13
7,411 BC Romania IronGates LateMesolithic Schela-Cladovei K1b2
7,299 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Ostrovul-Corbului K
7,299 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic-Dup Ostrovul-Corbului K1+16362
7,299 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Ostrovul-Corbului K1
7,238 BC Romania IronGates LateMesolithic Schela-Cladovei R1b U4a
7,075 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Schela-Cladovei U5a2+16362
6,977 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Schela-Cladovei I2a1b2 U5a2+16362
6,875 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Schela-Cladovei R1b U5a1c
6,864 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Schela-Cladovei R1b U5b2c
6,814 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Schela-Cladovei R K1+16362
6,754 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Ostrovul-Corbului R1b K1+16362
6,754 BC Romania IronGates Mesolithic Ostrovul-Corbului R1b K1+16362
6,650 BC Romania Mesolithic Schela-Cladovei R1b U5a1+@16192
6,021 BC Romania EN Starcevo Teleor-3 T2e
5,750 BC Romania EN Cârcea G U3
5,730 BC Romania EN StarcevoCris Grădinile CT T2b
5,720 BC Romania Mesolithic Teleor-3 K1
5,664 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Coțatcu G2a2b2b K1a2
5,664 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Coțatcu G2a2b2b K1a2
5,664 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Coțatcu G2a2b2b K1a2
5,650 BC Romania Mesolithic N Starcevo Teleor-3 H
5,600 BC Romania Brailita Mesolithic Brăiliţa I2a1b1a2b
5,560 BC Romania EN Cris Torja-Apor Kúria-kertje G2a2b2b H
5,560 BC Romania EN Cris Torja-Apor Kúria-kertje G2a2b2b H
5,556 BC Romania EN-oIran Cârcea
5,554 BC Romania BaciuGuraBaciului EN StarcevoCris Baciu - 'Gura Baciului' J1c2
5,553 BC Romania EN Gârlești
5,544 BC Romania EN StarcevoCris Negrilești I2a1b1 J2b1
5,468 BC Romania N Gârlești J1c5
5,468 BC Romania EN-Dup Gârlești J1c
5,461 BC Romania EN Gârlești K1a5
5,421 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Cârcea J1c5
5,421 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Cârcea J1c5
5,421 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Cârcea J1c5
5,421 BC Romania Eneolithic-oEEF Cârcea J1c5
5,256 BC Romania N Dudesti Pietrele Măgura Gorgana T2c1d1
5,212 BC Romania N-o Urziceni I2a1b2a H
5,212 BC Romania N-o Urziceni I2a1b2a H

And 3 more individuals from this period: browse them all in the sample database.

5,000 to 3,000 BC (148 individuals)

Groups: Romania C Bodrogkeresztur (82), Romania C Gumelnita (47), Romania N Boian (4), Romania Eneolithic LN (2). Y-DNA: G2a (17), I2a (13), C1a (11), R1b (11). mtDNA: K1a (23), H (15), J1c (15), T2b (9).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
4,900 BC Romania N Gârlești G2a2b2b2 T2
4,883 BC Romania N Boian Curătești K1a+195
4,883 BC Romania N Boian Curătești K1a+195
4,883 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana J1c15
4,832 BC Romania N Boian Curătești E2b K1a+195
4,828 BC Romania N Boian Curătești H
4,772 BC Romania N Popesti-Vasilati G2a2a1a2a2a1 K1a1
4,761 BC Romania Eneolithic LN Iclod I2a1b1 J1c3
4,761 BC Romania Eneolithic LN Iclod
4,634 BC Romania Eneolithic LN Boian Căscioarele HV
4,631 BC Romania Eneolithic LN Boian Căscioarele I4a
4,628 BC Romania villageIclod Eneolithic LN village Iclod N1a1a1a3
4,624 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana I2a1b1a2 H+152
4,621 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b1b H
4,612 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b1b J1
4,589 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana H5
4,581 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana G2a2a1a2a2a1b X2i+@225
4,572 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana H4a1
4,563 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana K1a
4,562 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana K1a4
4,537 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana H7
4,536 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana K1a+195
4,535 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana G2a2b2a1a1c2 V1a
4,528 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana C1a2 K1a+195
4,528 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana K1
4,524 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana G2a2b2b2 K1a+195
4,514 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana J H
4,508 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana H
4,504 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana T1a H5
4,503 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b1b J2b1
4,500 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b1b T2b
4,499 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b1a1b K1a1b
4,493 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana T2+16189
4,492 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana C1a2 H11
4,485 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana C1a2 I5a
4,478 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b1b U3a1
4,466 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana H7
4,464 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b T2
4,450 BC Romania C Bodrogkeresztur Urziceni H
4,440 BC Romania C Gumelnita Pietrele Măgura Gorgana R1b H

And 108 more individuals from this period: browse them all in the sample database.

3,000 to 1,000 BC (38 individuals)

Groups: Romania EBA Yamnaya (17), Romania BA Arman (7), Romania EBA Yamnaya-oSouth (3), Romania BA Arman-o (2). Y-DNA: R1b (9), I2a (4), Q1a (3), I (2). mtDNA: H2a (6), U4c (5), U4a (4), U5a (4).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
2,964 BC Romania BA1-1 Ploieşti-Triaj U5a2b
2,935 BC Romania Brailita EBA Yamnaya Brăiliţa I2a1b1a2a2a2 U5a1a1
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Corlăteni K U5a1d
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Rahman U4a
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Rahman U4a
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Rahman U4a
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Smeeni R1b1a1b K1b2b
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Smeeni R1b1a1b K1b2b
2,900 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Smeeni R1b1a1b K1b2b
2,795 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Rahman R1b1a1b1b T2c1a
2,786 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Rast-Măgura-Barburlui R1b1a1 H2c
2,765 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Târgșoru-Vechi F K1c1
2,753 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Glăvănești CT H6a1a
2,750 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya-oSouth Târgșoru-Vechi Q1a2 H2a
2,750 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya-oSouth Târgșoru-Vechi Q1a2 H2a
2,750 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya-oSouth Târgșoru-Vechi Q1a2 H2a
2,740 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Smeeni R1b1a1b1b3 U4c1
2,740 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Smeeni R1b1a1b1b3 U4c1
2,740 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Smeeni R1b1a1b1b3 U4c1
2,719 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Târgșoru-Vechi H2a1
2,719 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Târgșoru-Vechi H2a1
2,719 BC Romania EBA Yamnaya Târgșoru-Vechi H2a1
2,575 BC Romania EBA Catacomb Smeeni R1b1a1b1b3 T1a1
2,540 BC Romania EBA Catacomb Smeeni U4c2
2,512 BC Romania BA1-1 Târgșoru-Vechi U4a
2,300 BC Romania Glavanesti BA-1 Glăvănești W3a
2,029 BC Romania Tei Smeeni I U4c1
2,008 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman H11a2
2,000 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman I H+152
2,000 BC Romania BA Arman-o CRL-Arman
2,000 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman H1
2,000 BC Romania BA Arman-o CRL-Arman I2a1b1a2 K1c1a
2,000 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman K1c1
1,982 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman I2a1a2b1a J1c
1,981 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman I2a1b1a2 U5a1a1
1,938 BC Romania BA Arman CRL-Arman G2a H58
1,735 BC Romania MLBA Trestiana R1 U2e1b
1,558 BC Romania MLBA Trestiana J1

1,000 BC to AD 1 (1 individual)

Groups: Romania MLBA (1). Y-DNA: R1a (1). mtDNA: H15a (1).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
275 BC Romania MLBA Trestiana R1a1a1 H15a1a1

AD 1 to 1000 (3 individuals)

Groups: Romania Brailita Medieval (1), Romania Hun (1), Romania Hun-oEastAsia (1). Y-DNA: R1a (2), N1a (1). mtDNA: G3a (1).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
AD 450 Romania Hun-oEastAsia Marosszentgyörgy-Kerekdomb R1a1a1b2a2a3c2~
AD 450 Romania Hun Marosszentgyörgy-Kerekdomb R1a1a1b2a2a3c2~
AD 997 Romania Brailita Medieval Brăiliţa N1a1a1a G3a1'2

After AD 1000 (1 individual)

Groups: Romania Medieval (1). Y-DNA: G2a (1). mtDNA: U5a (1).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
AD 1007 Romania Medieval Ploieşti-Triaj G2a2b2a1a1a1b U5a1

Excavation sites

Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.

Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
Our Balkan Frontier report compares your own raw DNA file with the ancient and modern populations of the region, era by era, and explains your result in plain language with your haplogroups.
See the Balkan Frontier report

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