Ancient DNA from Ireland
104 ancient people from Ireland have had their genome published, from 4,708 BC to AD 1000. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
104ancient individuals
23excavation sites
5published studies
4,708 BColdest individual
Main archaeological groups: Ireland EarlyMedieval (38), Ireland MN (27), Ireland Megalithic (13), Ireland EN MN (5), Ireland LN (5).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: I2a (46), R1b (31), R1a (2), F (1), H2a (1), H2c (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: K1a (13), U5b (10), T2b (6), U5a (6), H (5), H1 (5).
📊 How Ireland's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.
Find the ancient individuals closest to your own town →
Period by period
5,000 to 3,000 BC (52 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,708 BC | Ireland Mesolithic | Killuragh | I2a1a2 | U5b2a |
| 4,051 BC | Ireland Mesolithic | Sramore | I2a1b2 | U5a2d |
| 3,796 BC | Ireland EN | Poulnabrone | ||
| 3,792 BC | Ireland EN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1 | H1+16189 |
| 3,779 BC | Ireland EN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1b | K1a+195 |
| 3,755 BC | Ireland EN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1 | U4a2f |
| 3,715 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | H1+16189 | |
| 3,707 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a1 | K1a+195 |
| 3,700 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a1 | W1+119 |
| 3,693 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a1b | H1i |
| 3,693 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1a2 | K1a+195 |
| 3,659 BC | Ireland EN MN | Ashleypark | I2a1a1b1~ | T2c1d1 |
| 3,622 BC | Ireland EN MN | Poulnabrone | I2a1a2 | V |
| 3,608 BC | Ireland EN MN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1 | U5b2b |
| 3,596 BC | Ireland EN MN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1b | U5b1c1 |
| 3,595 BC | Ireland EN MN | Parknabinnia | U8b1b | |
| 3,589 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a1 | K1a4a1 |
| 3,572 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a | K1a+195 |
| 3,571 BC | Ireland MN | Annagh | I2a1b1a1a1b | H4a1a1 |
| 3,567 BC | Ireland MN | Cohaw | I2a1a2 | H1 |
| 3,567 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Carrowmore | I2a1b1a | T2c1d1 |
| 3,551 BC | Ireland MN | Ashleypark | I2a1b1a1a1b | K2a9 |
| 3,536 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | J1c6 | |
| 3,533 BC | Ireland MN | Jerpoint West | H2a~ | T2c1d1 |
| 3,530 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | K1a+195 | |
| 3,525 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | I2a1a1b1~ | H4a1a1 |
| 3,524 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | I2a1a2 | K1b1a1 |
| 3,517 BC | Ireland MN | Baunogenasraid | H2c1a~ | K1a4a1 |
| 3,510 BC | Ireland MN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1 | K1a1 |
| 3,509 BC | Ireland MN | Poulnabrone | I2a1a1b1~ | H |
| 3,492 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | I2a1a1b1~ | T2c1d+152 |
| 3,492 BC | Ireland MN | Poulnabrone | K1b1a1 | |
| 3,481 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | I2a1a1b1~ | K1a2b |
| 3,463 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | I2a1b1a1a1b | T2b |
| 3,460 BC | Ireland MN | Poulnabrone | I2a1b1a1a1 | U5b1c |
| 3,457 BC | Ireland MN | Parknabinnia | I2a1b1a1a1b | T2b3 |
| 3,455 BC | Ireland MN | Annagh | I2a1b1a1a1b | K1a+195 |
| 3,453 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a1b | T2b3c |
| 3,453 BC | Ireland Megalithic | Primrose Grange | I2a1b1a1a | T2b3c |
| 3,451 BC | Ireland MN | Ardcrony | I2a1a2 | J2b1a |
3,000 to 1,000 BC (9 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,976 BC | Ireland LN | Carrowkeel | H | |
| 2,942 BC | Ireland LN | Carrowkeel | I2a1b1a1a1 | J1c3 |
| 2,850 BC | Ireland N | Carrowkeel | I2a1b | X2b4 |
| 2,761 BC | Ireland LN | Carrowkeel | W5b | |
| 2,751 BC | Ireland LN | Carrowkeel | I2a1b1a1a1 | H1 |
| 2,553 BC | Ireland LN | Carrowkeel | I2a1b1a1a1 | H |
| 1,947 BC | Ireland EBA | Rathlin Island | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5 | U5a1b1e |
| 1,869 BC | Ireland EBA | Rathlin Island | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5c | U5b2a2 |
| 1,630 BC | Ireland EBA | Rathlin Island | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 | J2b1a |
AD 1 to 1000 (4 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 765 | Ireland Viking | Ship Street Great | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1 | H1bb |
| AD 850 | Ireland Viking | Eyrephort | R1a1a1a1d1a~ | I2 |
| AD 850 | Ireland Viking | Finglas | H24a | |
| AD 850 | Ireland Viking | Islandbridge | R1a | HV6 |
After AD 1000 (39 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | T2b+152 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2a7~ | U1a1a3 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | H3as | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2 | U5a1f1a1 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | H4a1a3a | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1f | T2b19b |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | U4a1a2 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1 | K1a4a1 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4b4 | V3 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | H13a1a4 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1b1 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a | V10a |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2b2a | J1c |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | F | H1o |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | I2a1a2 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 | V1a |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | ||
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4b4 | U4b1b2 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | J2a1a1 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2 | J1c3f |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 | U5a1a |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2b3a1 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a2 | H7a1b |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | K2b1a | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval-oSteppe | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1c1b | U5a1a1 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | T2e | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a | U4a1a |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1 | K1a4a1 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4c | H3ao |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2 | H1b |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1 | H13a1a |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1 | I4a |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a | V3a1 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | J1 | |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2a | I2 |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a | U5b2c2b |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1 | U5a1g |
| AD 1000 | Ireland EarlyMedieval | Kilteasheen | R1b1a1b1a1a2a2a | H |
Excavation sites
- Kilteasheen 39, AD 1000
- Poulnabrone 12, 3,796 BC to 3,433 BC
- Primrose Grange 12, 3,715 BC to 3,448 BC
- Parknabinnia 11, 3,595 BC to 3,221 BC
- Carrowkeel 6, 2,976 BC to 2,553 BC
- Rathlin Island 3, 1,947 BC to 1,630 BC
- Annagh 2, 3,571 BC to 3,455 BC
- Ashleypark 2, 3,659 BC to 3,551 BC
- Glennamong 2, 3,338 BC to 3,185 BC
- Newgrange 2, 3,201 BC to 3,074 BC
- Ardcrony 1, 3,451 BC
- Ballynahatty 1, 3,181 BC
- Baunogenasraid 1, 3,517 BC
- Carrowmore 1, 3,567 BC
- Cohaw 1, 3,567 BC
- Eyrephort 1, AD 850
- Finglas 1, AD 850
- Islandbridge 1, AD 850
- Jerpoint West 1, 3,533 BC
- Keentagh Td 1, 3,242 BC
- Killuragh 1, 4,708 BC
- Ship Street Great 1, AD 765
- Sramore 1, 4,051 BC
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.
Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
Our Isles (Britain & Ireland) report compares your own raw DNA file with the ancient and modern populations of the region, era by era, and explains your result in plain language with your haplogroups.