Ancient DNA from Croatia
311 ancient people from Croatia have had their genome published, from 48,050 BC to AD 1761. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
311ancient individuals
56excavation sites
13published studies
48,050 BColdest individual
Main archaeological groups: Croatia C Lasinja (37), Croatia MLBA (37), Croatia EIA (24), Croatia Roman LateAntiquity (20), Croatia MBA (17).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: G2a (32), J2b (32), R1b (26), E1b (13), J2a (11), I2a (8).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: H (20), K1a (18), U5b (16), T2b (15), J1c (14), N1a (11).
📊 How Croatia's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.
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Period by period
Before 10,000 BC (3 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48,050 BC | VindijaCave Neanderthal | Vindija Cave | ||
| 48,050 BC | Croatia Vindija Neanderthal light | Vindija Cave | ||
| 48,050 BC | VindijaCave Neanderthal | Vindija Cave |
10,000 to 5,000 BC (18 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,106 BC | Croatia Mesolithic HG | Vela-Spila | U5b2b | |
| 5,913 BC | Croatia N Cardial | Zemunica Cave | E1b1b1a1b1 | N1a1a |
| 5,884 BC | Croatia N Cardial | Zemunica Cave | C1a2 | K1b1+(16093) |
| 5,850 BC | Croatia N Cardial | Zemunica Cave | H1 | |
| 5,850 BC | Croatia N Cardial | Zemunica Cave | H1 | |
| 5,775 BC | Croatia N Lasinja | Potočani | K1a1 | |
| 5,731 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Popova-zemlja | C1a2 | U8b1b1 |
| 5,632 BC | Croatia EN Impressa | Kargadur | H5a | |
| 5,595 BC | Croatia EN Impressa | Kargadur | G2a2a1a3~ | H7c |
| 5,561 BC | Croatia EN Starcevo | Vinkovci-Nama | H | K1a5 |
| 5,550 BC | Croatia EN Starcevo | Vinkovci-Nama | HV0a | |
| 5,550 BC | Croatia EN Starcevo | Vinkovci-Nama | G | T2b |
| 5,175 BC | Croatia MN LaTene | Gornja-Vrba-Savsko-polje | T2b | |
| 5,128 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Vinkovci-Vinka | V1 | |
| 5,128 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Vinkovci-Vinka | V1 | |
| 5,051 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Hermanov-Vinograd | G2a2a1 | U5a1c1 |
| 5,051 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Hermanov-Vinograd | G2a2a1a | U5a1+@16192 |
| 5,051 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Hermanov-Vinograd | G2a2a1a | U5a1+@16192 |
5,000 to 3,000 BC (64 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,925 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Vinkovci-Vinka | C | H84 |
| 4,925 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Vinkovci-Vinka | V1 | |
| 4,685 BC | Croatia MN Starcevo | Popova-zemlja | I2 | U5b2b |
| 4,685 BC | Croatia MN Starcevo | Popova-zemlja | I2a1b1 | U5b2b |
| 4,675 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | I2a1b | K1a1a |
| 4,638 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Popova-zemlja | N1a1a | |
| 4,638 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Popova-zemlja | N1a1a1 | |
| 4,635 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Hermanov-Vinograd | T2b | |
| 4,621 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Hermanov-Vinograd | J2a1a2b2~ | H10+(16093) |
| 4,621 BC | Croatia MN Sopot | Hermanov-Vinograd | J2a1a2b2~ | H10+(16093) |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Gornja-Vrba-Savsko-polje | F | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | K1a | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | J2a1a2b2~ | H |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | K1a5 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | K2b1 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | U8b1a1 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | K1a4 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | T2b | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | T2c1d1 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | N1a1a1a2 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | N1a1a1a3 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | T2b21 | |
| 4,500 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | G2a2a1 | H |
| 4,374 BC | Croatia MN | Popova-zemlja | G2a2b2a1a1 | K1a1 |
| 4,145 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | U5b1d1 | |
| 4,143 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | H4a1 | |
| 4,125 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | H4a1 | |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2b2a | H13b1+200 |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2b2a | N1a1a1a3 |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2a1a3~ | U2+152 |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2b2a1a1c | U5b2c |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2b2a | U2+152 |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | T2b | |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2a1a2b1b | H5b |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2b2a1a1c | H |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | K1a3a | |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | H7 | |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a | K1b1b1 |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | G2a2b2a1a1c | H5 |
| 4,100 BC | Croatia C Lasinja | Potočani | I2a1a1b1~ | H+16311 |
3,000 to 1,000 BC (79 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,850 BC | Croatia LateC EBA Vucedol-oSteppe | Vučedol-Tell | U4a | |
| 2,768 BC | Croatia LateC EBA Vucedol | Popova-zemlja | R1b1a1b1b | T2e+152 |
| 2,726 BC | Croatia Vucedol-o | Vučedol-Tell | G2a2a1a2a2a1 | T2c1d1 |
| 2,676 BC | Croatia Popova CA | Popova-zemlja | HV9 | |
| 1,800 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-Dup | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,800 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-Dup | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,800 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-Dup | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,800 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,800 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,800 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,765 BC | Croatia MBA | Jagodnjak-Krčevine | G2a2a1a2a2a1 | K2a |
| 1,750 BC | Croatia BA | Bogomolje | J2b2a1 | X2k |
| 1,700 BC | Croatia MBA | Jagodnjak-Krčevine | G2a2a1a2 | T2b11 |
| 1,700 BC | Croatia MBA | Jagodnjak-Krčevine | G2a2a1a2a2a1 | U5b1b1a |
| 1,700 BC | Croatia MBA | Jagodnjak-Krčevine | G2a2a1a2a2a1 | U2e1a1 |
| 1,700 BC | Croatia MBA | Jagodnjak-Krčevine | K1b1b1 | |
| 1,700 BC | Croatia MBA | Jagodnjak-Krčevine | U5a1g | |
| 1,681 BC | Croatia MBA | Velika Gomila | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | K1a4 |
| 1,681 BC | Croatia MBA | Velika Gomila | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | K1a4 |
| 1,681 BC | Croatia MBA | Velika Gomila | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | K1a4 |
| 1,650 BC | Croatia BA | D. Ostrvica, Pasičine | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | H1u |
| 1,623 BC | Croatia MBA | Koprivno | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | J2a1a1 |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a~ | H5 |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | HV0e | |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a1a1a1~ | U5a1a |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | R1b1a1b1a | H13a2a |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-Dup | Cetina-Valley | J1c1 | |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a1 | T1a1 |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | H6a1a | |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | H | |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | H | |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-o | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a1 | J1c1 |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-o | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a1 | J1c1 |
| 1,600 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina-o | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a1 | J1c1 |
| 1,580 BC | Croatia MBA Cetina | Cetina-Valley | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | N1a1a1 |
| 1,569 BC | Croatia MBA | Veliki-Vanik | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | I1a1 |
| 1,558 BC | Croatia MBA | Veliki-Vanik | W3a1 | |
| 1,500 BC | Croatia MLBA | Bezdanjača Cave | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a3 | J1c2 |
| 1,500 BC | Croatia MLBA | Bezdanjača Cave | R1b1a1b1a1a | H5n |
| 1,500 BC | Croatia MLBA | Bezdanjača Cave | U5b1c1 |
1,000 BC to AD 1 (28 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 970 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Petar-Ludbreški | G2a2b2a | V |
| 970 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Petar-Ludbreški | G2a2b2a1a1b | V |
| 950 BC | Croatia LBA EIA | Velim-Kosa | H13a2a | |
| 950 BC | Croatia LBA EIA | Velim-Kosa | J2b | HV0e |
| 815 BC | Croatia EIA | Smiljan | J2b2a1 | T2a1a |
| 800 BC | Croatia EIA | Osor-Sveti-Petar | HV0e | |
| 794 BC | Croatia EIA | Smiljan | H3b | |
| 779 BC | Croatia EIA | Smiljan | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | H3b |
| 772 BC | Croatia EIA | Jazinka Cave | HV0e | |
| 772 BC | Croatia EIA | Jazinka Cave | HV0e | |
| 708 BC | Croatia EIA | Smiljan | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | U5a1g |
| 708 BC | Croatia EIA | Smiljan | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | H1 |
| 700 BC | Croatia LBA EIA | Jazinka Cave | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | HV0e |
| 692 BC | Croatia EIA | Smiljan | T2b | |
| 649 BC | Croatia EIA | Skradnik-Sultanov-grob | H5 | |
| 649 BC | Croatia EIA | Mala-Metaljka | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | H |
| 636 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | J1c2 | |
| 636 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | J1c2 | |
| 604 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1c2 | H+195 |
| 604 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1c2 | H+195 |
| 604 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1c2 | H+195 |
| 457 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | T1a2a | |
| 424 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | J2b2a1b~ | HV1a'b'c |
| 282 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | E1b1b1a1b1a14~ | U5b1d1a |
| 274 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | T1a5 | |
| 274 BC | Croatia EIA | Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki | T1a5 | |
| 251 BC | Croatia LIA | Velim-Kosa | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | H7 |
| 251 BC | Croatia LIA | Velim-Kosa | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | H7 |
AD 1 to 1000 (109 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 70 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Zadar-Hypo-banka | E1b1b1a1b1 | |
| AD 100 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Trogir-Dragulin | E1b1b1a1b1a14~ | H+152 |
| AD 100 | Croatia ImperialRoman-3 | Trogir-Dragulin | T1a5a | |
| AD 100 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Trogir-Dragulin | T2b | |
| AD 100 | Croatia ImperialRoman-1 | Trogir-Dragulin | C1 | |
| AD 100 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Trogir-Dragulin | H | |
| AD 100 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Trogir-Dragulin | H+152 | |
| AD 150 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Zadar-Relja | R1b1a1b1 | |
| AD 152 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Zadar-Relja | J2a1a1a2b2a1a1c1a~ | |
| AD 165 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Trogir-Policija | ||
| AD 170 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Trogir-Dragulin | J2a1a1a2b2a1a1a~ | |
| AD 175 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Zadar-Poliklinika | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1c1b | |
| AD 177 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman-oLevant | Zadar-Relja | E1b1b1b2a1a6d1a1b~ | |
| AD 177 | Croatia Dalmatia ImperialRoman | Zadar-Poliklinika | ||
| AD 200 | Croatia ImperialRoman-oAfrica | Zadar-Polačišća | J2a1a2b2~ | H14a |
| AD 221 | Croatia ImperialRoman Roman | Mursa | G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2a1a1b | |
| AD 250 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman | Trogir-Dobrić | R1b1a1b1b3a1a1b | V16 |
| AD 250 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman-oEurope | Trogir-Dobrić | H27a | |
| AD 250 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Osijek | H5d | |
| AD 250 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Osijek | H79 | |
| AD 250 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Osijek | J2b2a1a1a1a1a2a~ | K1b1a1a |
| AD 250 | Croatia ImperialRoman-oLevant | Osijek | G2a2b2a1a1a1a | H |
| AD 250 | Croatia ImperialRoman | Osijek | H41 | |
| AD 282 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Mursa | ||
| AD 282 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Mursa | ||
| AD 300 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman | Zadar-Poliklinika | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5c | H105 |
| AD 300 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman | Hvar-Radošević | E1b1b1a1b1 | K1a+195 |
| AD 300 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman | Hvar-Radošević | R1b1a1b | H80 |
| AD 303 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Sisak-Pogorelec-West | J2a2a | |
| AD 311 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Ščitarjevo | E1b1b1a1b1a20~ | |
| AD 322 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Sisak-Pogorelec-West | ||
| AD 325 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Sisak-Pogorelec-West | J2b2a1a1a1b~ | |
| AD 334 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Popova-zemlja | R1b1a1b | |
| AD 350 | Croatia LateAntiquity | Hvar-Radošević | ||
| AD 350 | Croatia Roman LateAntiquity | Trogir-Dobrić | K1a+195 | |
| AD 350 | Croatia LateAntiquity-oAfrica | Hvar-Radošević | HV | |
| AD 364 | Croatia LateAntiquity ImperialRoman Roman | Popova-zemlja | R1a1a1b2a2b1d1~ | T2f2 |
| AD 375 | Croatia LateAntiquity-oEurope | Sisak-Pogorelec | T2b34 | |
| AD 375 | Croatia LateAntiquity-oEurope | Sisak-Pogorelec | N1a2 | |
| AD 375 | Croatia LateAntiquity-oEurope | Sisak-Pogorelec | R1b1a1b1a1a2a2a | H1e6 |
After AD 1000 (10 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1125 | Croatia EarlyMedieval | Sveta-Ana | R1a1a1b1a2b3a | T1a1l |
| AD 1125 | Croatia EarlyMedieval | Sveta-Ana | U5b1f | |
| AD 1125 | Croatia EarlyMedieval | Sveta-Ana | R1a1a1b1a2b | U5b2a1a1 |
| AD 1125 | Croatia EarlyMedieval | Sveta-Ana | U3a1 | |
| AD 1125 | Croatia EarlyMedieval | Sveta-Ana | R1b1a1b1b3a1a1a | T2h2 |
| AD 1166 | Croatia EarlyMedieval | Sveta-Ana | U5b2a1a1 | |
| AD 1500 | Croatia Medieval Modern | Bezdanjača Cave | R1b1a1b1a1a | V1a1 |
| AD 1500 | Croatia Medieval Modern | Bezdanjača Cave | I2a1a2b1a1 | HV0a1a |
| AD 1554 | Croatia Medieval | Jugobanka | I2a1a2b1a1a3 | V6 |
| AD 1761 | Croatia Modern | Bezdanjača Cave | I2a1a2b1a1 | T2b11 |
Excavation sites
- Bezdanjača Cave 40, 1,500 BC to AD 1761
- Potočani 38, 5,775 BC to 4,073 BC
- Hvar-Radošević 23, AD 300 to AD 400
- Popova-zemlja 23, 5,731 BC to AD 364
- Cetina-Valley 19, 1,800 BC to 1,580 BC
- Nuštar 13, AD 700 to AD 847
- Sveti-Križ-Brdovečki 10, 636 BC to 274 BC
- Jagodnjak-Krčevine 9, 1,765 BC to AD 724
- Sipar 7, AD 579 to AD 770
- Sisak-Pogorelec 7, AD 375
- Trogir-Dragulin 7, AD 100 to AD 170
- Hermanov-Vinograd 6, 5,051 BC to 4,621 BC
- Smiljan 6, 815 BC to 692 BC
- Sveta-Ana 6, AD 1125 to AD 1166
- Trogir 6, AD 718 to AD 921
- Osijek 5, AD 250
- Velim-Kosa 5, 1,460 BC to 251 BC
- Trogir-Dobrić 4, AD 250 to AD 450
- Vinkovci-Vinka 4, 5,128 BC to 4,925 BC
- Zemunica Cave 4, 5,913 BC to 5,850 BC
- Gardun 3, AD 475 to AD 623
- Gardun-Tilurium 3, AD 484 to AD 576
- Jazinka Cave 3, 772 BC to 700 BC
- Mirine-Fulfinum 3, AD 438 to AD 475
- Mursa 3, AD 221 to AD 282
- Mušego 3, 1,375 BC
- Sisak-Pogorelec-West 3, AD 303 to AD 325
- Velika Gomila 3, 1,681 BC
- Vindija Cave 3, 48,050 BC
- Vinkovci-Nama 3, 5,561 BC to 5,550 BC
- Zadar-Poliklinika 3, AD 175 to AD 300
- Zadar-Relja 3, AD 150 to AD 177
- Glina 2, AD 832 to AD 838
- Gornja-Vrba-Savsko-polje 2, 5,175 BC to 4,500 BC
- Kargadur 2, 5,632 BC to 5,595 BC
- Mala-Metaljka 2, 649 BC to AD 514
- Radovanci 2, 3,471 BC
- Ščitarjevo 2, AD 311 to AD 494
- Sveti-Petar-Ludbreški 2, 970 BC
- Veliki-Vanik 2, 1,569 BC to 1,558 BC
- Vučedol-Tell 2, 2,850 BC to 2,726 BC
- Bogomolje 1, 1,750 BC
- Buje-Novo-Selo 1, AD 569
- Cepinski-Martinci 1, AD 775
- D. Ostrvica, Pasičine 1, 1,650 BC
- Franjevac 1, 4,000 BC
- Jugobanka 1, AD 1554
- Koprivno 1, 1,623 BC
- Matkovici 1, 1,435 BC
- Osor-Sveti-Petar 1, 800 BC
- Skradnik-Sultanov-grob 1, 649 BC
- Trogir-Policija 1, AD 165
- Vela-Spila 1, 7,106 BC
- Velić 1, AD 500
- Zadar-Hypo-banka 1, AD 70
- Zadar-Polačišća 1, AD 200
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.
Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
Our Balkan Frontier report compares your own raw DNA file with the ancient and modern populations of the region, era by era, and explains your result in plain language with your haplogroups.