Ancient DNA from Bulgaria

Main archaeological groups: Bulgaria Varna C (25), Bulgaria Yunatsite C (16), Bulgaria Yunatsite EBA (12), Bulgaria KapitanAndreevo EIA (11), Bulgaria BachoKiroCave IUP (5).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: G2a (19), I2a (16), R1b (16), E1b (12), T1a (6), H (4).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: H (23), K1a (14), U5a (13), T2b (10), K1c (6), H5 (5).

📊 How Bulgaria's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.

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Period by period

Excavation sites

• Yunatsite 30, 4,485 BC to 2,758 BC
• Varna 27, 4,636 BC to 4,404 BC
• Dzhulyunitsa 19, 5,949 BC to 642 BC
• Kapitan-Andreevo 12, 2,150 BC to 800 BC
• Malak-Preslavets 11, 6,026 BC to 5,600 BC
• Smyadovo 10, 4,508 BC to 3,009 BC
• Bacho-Kiro Cave 6, 43,421 BC to 32,998 BC
• Boyanovo 6, 3,066 BC to 2,796 BC
• Tell-Ezero 5, 2,387 BC to 2,375 BC
• Tell-Kran 5, 2,816 BC to 2,500 BC
• Kazanlak 4, 375 BC to 75 BC
• Petko Karavelovo 4, 4,561 BC to 4,543 BC
• Yabalkovo 4, 5,950 BC to 5,660 BC
• Kairyaka 3, 2,960 BC to 1,689 BC
• Krepost 3, 5,667 BC
• Sushina 3, 4,525 BC to 4,352 BC
• Beli-Breyag 2, 2,500 BC
• Goljamata-Mogila 2, 2,900 BC
• Ivanovo 2, 4,674 BC
• Lozyanka-Mogila 2, 2,101 BC to AD 400
• Mogila 2, 2,825 BC
• Ryahovets 2, AD 1125 to AD 1153
• Sabrano 2, 3,001 BC to 3,000 BC
• Samovodene 2, 5,343 BC to AD 936
• Stambolovo 2, 900 BC
• Svilengrad 2, 800 BC
• Diamandovo 1, 600 BC
• Durankulak 1, 3,250 BC
• Koriyata_at_Suvorovo 1, AD 702
• Mednikarovo 1, 2,945 BC
• Nova Zagora 1, 2,500 BC
• Ohoden 1, 5,933 BC
• Riltsi 1, 2,900 BC
• Rozovo 1, 250 BC

Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.