Ancient DNA from Turkmenistan

97 ancient people from Turkmenistan have had their genome published, from 4,600 BC to 852 BC. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.

97ancient individuals
9excavation sites
5published studies
4,600 BColdest individual

Main archaeological groups: Turkmenistan C (39), Turkmenistan BA1-1 (34), Turkmenistan BA-1 (4), Turkmenistan BA (3), Turkmenistan BA2-2 (3).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: J1a (5), J2a (5), R2 (4), F (3), J (2), J1 (2).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: U7a (7), HV13b (6), HV12b (5), I1b (5), R2 (4), HV (3).

📊 How Turkmenistan's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.

Find the ancient individuals closest to your own town →

Period by period

5,000 to 3,000 BC (38 individuals)

Groups: Turkmenistan C (35), Turkmenistan C-1 (1), Turkmenistan C-o (1), Turkmenistan Eneolithic (1). Y-DNA: J1a (4), J2a (4), R2 (3), J1 (2). mtDNA: HV13b (5), I1b (5), HV (2), I1c (2).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
4,600 BC Turkmenistan Eneolithic Monjukli-Depe L1a H14
3,500 BC Turkmenistan C Tepe Anau R2 H13a2a
3,500 BC Turkmenistan C Tepe Anau U1a1d
3,500 BC Turkmenistan C Tepe Anau R2 W3a1
3,500 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai HV13b
3,500 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai HV13b
3,500 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai HV13b
3,224 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J2a1a1b1 J1+16193
3,224 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J2a1a1b1
3,223 BC Turkmenistan C Kara-Depe U2b
3,213 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur I1b
3,210 BC Turkmenistan C Kara-Depe J2a1a1b
3,200 BC Turkmenistan C-o Takhirbai 3 W3a2
3,200 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1a2a1b1a~ HV12b1
3,150 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur R2+13500
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur R2 J1d6
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur I1b
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur P1~
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur I1
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur H1bm
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur HV13b
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur I1c1
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur HV
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J2a2a1a~ I1c1
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1d4
3,100 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1a2a1b1a~ T2g1b
3,075 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1 H
3,075 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1a2a1b1a~ U7a
3,075 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur HV
3,071 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai HV13b
3,063 BC Turkmenistan C-1 Geoksyur U7a
3,048 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai I1b
3,048 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai I1b
3,048 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai I1b
3,013 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1a2a1b1a~ T2d2

3,000 to 1,000 BC (58 individuals)

Groups: Turkmenistan BA1-1 (34), Turkmenistan BA-1 (4), Turkmenistan C (4), Turkmenistan BA (3). Y-DNA: F (3), J (2), E1b (1), H1a (1). mtDNA: U7a (5), HV12b (4), HV2a (3), J1b (3).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
2,993 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur H2
2,974 BC Turkmenistan C Parkhai HV2a
2,912 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1b1a1
2,900 BC Turkmenistan C Geoksyur J1b1a1
2,600 BC Turkmenistan EBA Parkhai HV14
2,500 BC Turkmenistan EBA Parkhai
2,304 BC Turkmenistan BA-3 Gonur J T2d1a
2,275 BC Turkmenistan BA-1 Gonur F HV18
2,261 BC Turkmenistan BA2-2 Gonur M30a
2,250 BC Turkmenistan BA-1 Gonur J2a2a1a1a2 U7a
2,238 BC Turkmenistan BA-4 Gonur HV12b1
2,213 BC Turkmenistan BA-1 Gonur W3
2,198 BC Turkmenistan BA Parkhai
2,189 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur J1
2,163 BC Turkmenistan BA2-2 Gonur H1a1a R5a2b
2,132 BC Turkmenistan BA-2 Gonur P1 U7a3
2,129 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur HV2
2,118 BC Turkmenistan BA-1 Gonur U7a
2,110 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur J1a2a1b1a~ U7a2
2,106 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur J W
2,101 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur F HV12b1
2,100 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur
2,100 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur U1a1c1
2,100 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur HV13b
2,100 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur HV2a
2,092 BC Turkmenistan BA3-3 Gonur H14a
2,088 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur T2
2,073 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur N1a2
2,073 BC Turkmenistan BA1-2 Gonur J1d
2,065 BC Turkmenistan BA2-2 Gonur R2 R2
2,061 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur W1+119
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur U8b1a2+16311
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur J1b1a3
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur R2
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur N1a2
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur W3b
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur N2
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur I
2,050 BC Turkmenistan BA1-1 Gonur R2

And 18 more individuals from this period: browse them all in the sample database.

1,000 BC to AD 1 (1 individual)

Groups: Turkmenistan IA (1). Y-DNA: R1a (1). mtDNA: T2c (1).

DateGroupSiteY-DNAmtDNA
852 BC Turkmenistan IA Takhirbai 3 R1a1a1 T2c1a

Excavation sites

Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.

Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
Our Simorgh (Iranian Plateau) report compares your own raw DNA file with the ancient and modern populations of the region, era by era, and explains your result in plain language with your haplogroups.
See the Simorgh (Iranian Plateau) report

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