Ancient DNA from Mexico
165 ancient people from Mexico have had their genome published, from 860 BC to AD 1600. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
165ancient individuals
19excavation sites
8published studies
860 BColdest individual
Main archaeological groups: Mexico LateClassic (89), Mexico Tayopa 1000BP (15), Mexico Medieval (11), Mexico 1100BP (9), Mexico Colonial Maya (8).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: Q1b (92), F (7), Q (7), P1 (6), BT (3), E1b (3).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: A2w (15), A2 (14), C1c (13), A2a (11), B2a (11), A2r (7).
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Period by period
1,000 BC to AD 1 (6 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 860 BC | Mexico 2800BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a1a | A2c |
| 800 BC | Mexico 2750BP | Coyote Cave | Q1b1 | C5b |
| 750 BC | Mexico Pericues Unknown | Baja | Q1b1a1a1e1a | C1b11 |
| 750 BC | Mexico Unknown | Comondu | C1b41a1 | |
| 750 BC | Mexico Unknown | Iron Springs | Q1b1a | B2a5 |
| 617 BC | Mexico 2500BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a2a3a~ | B2g1 |
AD 1 to 1000 (119 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 75 | Mexico 1900BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | C1b7 | |
| AD 227 | Mexico 1700BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | Q1b | B2a |
| AD 600 | Mexico Medieval | Cañada de la Virgen | A2+(64) | |
| AD 600 | Mexico Medieval | Cañada de la Virgen | Q1b1a1a | B2 |
| AD 623 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a | C1c |
| AD 687 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | B2a4a1 | |
| AD 723 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a1a | A2a3 |
| AD 725 | Mexico Medieval | Cañada de la Virgen | D1m | |
| AD 725 | Mexico Medieval | La Mina | D1i2 | |
| AD 725 | Mexico Medieval | La Mina | D1i2 | |
| AD 750 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | B2a1a1 | |
| AD 750 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | B2a4a1 | |
| AD 750 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | Q1a2a2b1a~ | A2c |
| AD 775 | Mexico Medieval | Ranas | Q1a2a1-L54 | D1m |
| AD 775 | Mexico Medieval | Toluquilla | Q1b1a1a1f | B2l |
| AD 775 | Mexico Medieval | Cañada de la Virgen | F | A2ai |
| AD 799 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1 | A2u |
| AD 800 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | B2a4a1 | |
| AD 805 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | A2c | |
| AD 806 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a1a | A2 |
| AD 806 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q | A2 |
| AD 817 | Mexico 1100BP | Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos | Q1b1a2 | C1c5 |
| AD 826 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a2b~ | A2r |
| AD 832 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a | A2w1 |
| AD 840 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1 | A2ad |
| AD 849 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | R1 | A2w1 |
| AD 852 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1 | A2q |
| AD 852 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a | A2q |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a1a | A2ap |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q | A2ap |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b | B2l |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | BT | B2l |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | F | A2 |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a | |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a | |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a1a | A2 |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | P1~ | A2 |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b | |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1 | |
| AD 875 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1 | A2r |
After AD 1000 (40 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1005 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a1a | B2b2 |
| AD 1005 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | R1b1a1b | B2b2 |
| AD 1008 | Mexico 950BP | Coyote Cave | Q1b1a1a1e1a | C5b |
| AD 1071 | Mexico 900BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | C1c1b | |
| AD 1092 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1a | |
| AD 1092 | Mexico LateClassic | Chichén Itzá | Q1b1 | |
| AD 1100 | Mexico Medieval | La Ventana Cave | Q1b1a2a2a3~ | C1c1a |
| AD 1100 | Mexico PreColumbian-6 | Sierra Tarahumara | Q1b1a1a1e1a | C1b11 |
| AD 1175 | Mexico Medieval | Toluquilla | A2d | |
| AD 1268 | Mexico 700BP | San Lorenzo Cave | C5b | |
| AD 1325 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | ||
| AD 1325 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a2a3a~ | H |
| AD 1325 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a1a1e1a | A2c |
| AD 1325 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a1a1e1a | C1d1c |
| AD 1341 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | B2 | |
| AD 1346 | Mexico PreColumbian Medio | Paquimé | Q1a2a2b1a~ | C1b |
| AD 1348 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a1a | C1d1 |
| AD 1350 | Mexico Medieval | Toluquilla | B2c | |
| AD 1356 | Mexico 550BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | P1 | C |
| AD 1375 | Mexico 1100BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | C1b11 | |
| AD 1388 | Mexico 600BP TradicionTrincheras | La Playa | Q1b1a1a | D4h3a |
| AD 1450 | Mexico 500BP Pericues | Piedra Gorda | Q1b1 | B2g1 |
| AD 1450 | Mexico 500BP Pericues | Piedra Gorda | CZ | |
| AD 1450 | Mexico 500BP Pericues | Piedra Gorda | CT | B2g1 |
| AD 1450 | Mexico 500BP Pericues | Piedra Gorda | C1c1 | |
| AD 1450 | Mexico 500BP Pericues | Piedra Gorda | Q1b1a1a1e1a | CZ |
| AD 1450 | Mexico 500BP Pericues | Piedra Gorda | Q1b1a1a1e1a | B2g1 |
| AD 1454 | Mexico EarlyColonial | San José de los Naturales Royal Hospital mass burial | E1b1a1a1a1c1a1a3a1d1 | L3e1a1a |
| AD 1519 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | Q1b1a | R |
| AD 1535 | Mexico EarlyColonial | San José de los Naturales Royal Hospital mass burial | E1b1a1a1a2a1a | L3d1a1a |
| AD 1539 | Mexico EarlyColonial | San José de los Naturales Royal Hospital mass burial | E1b1a1a1a1c1b | L1b2a |
| AD 1562 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | A2+(64) | |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | A2r | |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | A2+(64) | |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial European | Campeche | I2a1b1a2b1a1b~ | X2d2 |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | B2 | |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial African | Campeche | L3e2b+152 | |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | Q1b1a1a | B2+16278 |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | Q1b1a | A2 |
| AD 1600 | Mexico Colonial Maya | Campeche | A2m |
Excavation sites
- Chichén Itzá 89, AD 623 to AD 1092
- Tayopa 15, AD 950
- La Playa 13, 860 BC to AD 1388
- Campeche 10, AD 1519 to AD 1600
- Cueva De Los Muertos Chiquitos 10, AD 227 to AD 935
- Piedra Gorda 6, AD 1450
- Cañada de la Virgen 4, AD 600 to AD 775
- San José de los Naturales Royal Hospital mass burial 3, AD 1454 to AD 1539
- Toluquilla 3, AD 775 to AD 1350
- Coyote Cave 2, 800 BC to AD 1008
- La Mina 2, AD 725
- Baja 1, 750 BC
- Comondu 1, 750 BC
- Iron Springs 1, 750 BC
- La Ventana Cave 1, AD 1100
- Paquimé 1, AD 1346
- Ranas 1, AD 775
- San Lorenzo Cave 1, AD 1268
- Sierra Tarahumara 1, AD 1100
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.
Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
The DNA Mega-Analysis compares your own raw DNA file with thousands of ancient genomes, ranks your closest ancient matches by era, adds your Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups and explains it all in one PDF.