Ancient DNA from Kyrgyzstan
65 ancient people from Kyrgyzstan have had their genome published, from 2,129 BC to AD 1811. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
65ancient individuals
15excavation sites
4published studies
2,129 BColdest individual
Main archaeological groups: Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol (18), Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka (9), Kyrgyzstan IA Saka (7), Kyrgyzstan Osh IA (6), Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath (5).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: R1a (12), J2a (6), Q1b (6), Q1a (5), E1b (2), C2a (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: D4j (4), G2a (4), A16 (3), C4b (3), F1b (3), U5a (3).
📊 How Kyrgyzstan's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.
Find the ancient individuals closest to your own town →
Period by period
3,000 to 1,000 BC (2 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,129 BC | Kyrgyzstan EBA MLBA Andronovo | Aygirdjal | Q1b2a1a~ | R6a2 |
| 1,993 BC | Kyrgyzstan MLBA Andronovo | Aygirdjal | J2a1a4b | HV14 |
1,000 BC to AD 1 (20 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 589 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Chilpek Burial Grounds | ||
| 572 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Chilpek Burial Grounds | U4a2 | |
| 557 BC | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | U1a1c1d | |
| 456 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Ken-Su #651 | U4a1a | |
| 423 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Chilpek Burial Grounds | H1 | |
| 422 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka-2 | Uchkun | U5a1a1 | |
| 396 BC | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA-o | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | D4i | |
| 350 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Uchkun | U5a1d2b | |
| 279 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Uchkun | R1a1a1 | H2a1 |
| 259 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Uchkun | R1a1a1 | T2a1 |
| 252 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Ken-Su #551 | J2a1a1b1 | A16 |
| 250 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Uchkun | R1a1a1b2a2a1d6~ | H4d |
| 201 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Ken-Su #556 | R1a1a1 | G2a3 |
| 199 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Kuibysheva 2 | J2a1a4b | D4j8 |
| 115 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Kuibysheva 2 | J2a1a4b | D4j8 |
| 113 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Uchkun | Q1b1a3a~ | C4 |
| 110 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Kuibysheva 2 | J2a1a4b | W1c |
| 100 BC | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka | Chilpek Burial Grounds | U1a | |
| 93 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka-1 | Utrabat | R1a1a1b2a2a3b~ | HV6 |
| 26 BC | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Saka | Uchkun | R1a1a1 | HV6 |
AD 1 to 1000 (31 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 148 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol-o | Kuibysheva 1 | C4a1a+195 | |
| AD 148 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol-o | Jeti-Oguz | J1d6 | |
| AD 171 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Ekachat | K2a5 | |
| AD 200 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Jeti-Oguz | F1b1+@152 | |
| AD 211 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Jeti-Oguz | Q1a2a1 | F1b1+@152 |
| AD 231 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | R1a1a1 | |
| AD 250 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | Q1b1a3a1~ | U5a1g |
| AD 250 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | E1b1b1b2a1 | D4j |
| AD 250 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | F1d | |
| AD 284 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol-o | Ekachat | L1a1 | |
| AD 286 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Jeti-Oguz | R1a1a1b2a2a3b~ | |
| AD 294 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol-o | Ekachat | R1b2b2 | A16 |
| AD 318 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA-o | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | Q1a1 | U7 |
| AD 323 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | A16 | |
| AD 329 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA-o | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | F | |
| AD 332 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | Q1b1a3a1~ | G2a1 |
| AD 335 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Jeti-Oguz | R1a1a1b2a2a3c2~ | C4b1 |
| AD 342 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Jeti-Oguz | Q1b1a3a1~ | D4j5 |
| AD 350 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | A1a | |
| AD 356 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Uchkun | Q1a2a1 | C4+152+16093 |
| AD 358 | Kyrgyzstan Osh IA | Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds | R1a1a1 | H6b2 |
| AD 375 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | M10a1+16129 | |
| AD 441 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | U5b2a1a2 | |
| AD 456 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | E1b1b1a1b2 | N9a9 |
| AD 458 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | Q1a2a1a~ | H7b |
| AD 478 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Uchkun | R1a1a1b2a2b1d1~ | G2a1d2 |
| AD 489 | Kyrgyzstan Turkic | Turasu | Q1a2a1 | C4b1 |
| AD 492 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | R1a1a1b2a2a3b~ | H13a2a |
| AD 515 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | H6b2 | |
| AD 596 | Kyrgyzstan TianShan Kenkol | Kuibysheva 1 | M11a | |
| AD 821 | Kyrgyzstan IA Saka-o | Chilpek Burial Grounds | J2a2a1a~ | F1b1f |
After AD 1000 (12 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1099 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval Nomad | Turasu | F2g | |
| AD 1189 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval Nomad | Turasu | G2a+152 | |
| AD 1193 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval Nomad | Turasu | C4a2c | |
| AD 1215 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval Nomad-o | Turasu | C2a1a | C4b1a |
| AD 1275 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath | Kara-Djigach Christian cemetery | ||
| AD 1293 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath | Kara-Djigach Christian cemetery | B4c1a2 | |
| AD 1298 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath | Kara-Djigach Christian cemetery | ||
| AD 1300 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath-oWestEurasia | Burana Cemetery | ||
| AD 1300 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath | Burana Cemetery | ||
| AD 1338 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath | Kara-Djigach Christian cemetery | HV2a2 | |
| AD 1338 | Kyrgyzstan Medieval BlackDeath-oWestEurasia | Kara-Djigach Christian cemetery | Q1b1a3a~ | T1a1b1 |
| AD 1811 | Kyrgyzstan Modern Nomad | Turasu | G2a | H6a1b |
Excavation sites
- Kuibysheva 1 11, AD 148 to AD 596
- Alai / Nura I, II, Tuyuk II Mounds 9, 557 BC to AD 358
- Uchkun 9, 422 BC to AD 478
- Jeti-Oguz 6, AD 148 to AD 342
- Turasu 6, AD 489 to AD 1811
- Chilpek Burial Grounds 5, 589 BC to AD 821
- Kara-Djigach Christian cemetery 5, AD 1275 to AD 1338
- Ekachat 3, AD 171 to AD 294
- Kuibysheva 2 3, 199 BC to 110 BC
- Aygirdjal 2, 2,129 BC to 1,993 BC
- Burana Cemetery 2, AD 1300
- Ken-Su #551 1, 252 BC
- Ken-Su #556 1, 201 BC
- Ken-Su #651 1, 456 BC
- Utrabat 1, 93 BC
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.
Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
The DNA Mega-Analysis compares your own raw DNA file with thousands of ancient genomes, ranks your closest ancient matches by era, adds your Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups and explains it all in one PDF.