Ancient DNA from Jordan
52 ancient people from Jordan have had their genome published, from 8,100 BC to 1,284 BC. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
Main archaeological groups: Jordan LBA (20), Jordan PPNB (17), Jordan EBA (8), Jordan PPNC (5), Jordan LBA-o (1).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: J1a (14), E1b (6), H (4), J2b (2), CT (1), F (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: T1a (8), R0a (7), N1b (4), U3b (4), H14a (3), X2n (3).
📊 How Jordan's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.
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Period by period
10,000 to 5,000 BC (23 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8,100 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | T1a2 | |
| 8,100 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | F | T1a2 |
| 8,100 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | H | |
| 8,100 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | E1b1b | K1a18 |
| 8,100 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | H | T1a2 |
| 7,950 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | CT | |
| 7,950 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | H | |
| 7,950 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | H | |
| 7,877 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | E1b1b | T1a2 |
| 7,650 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | K1a18 | |
| 7,619 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | T1a | R0a |
| 7,615 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | E1b1b1a | T1a2 |
| 7,615 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | E1b1b1a1 | T1a2 |
| 7,615 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | E1b1b1a1 | T1a2 |
| 7,209 BC | Jordan PPNB | 'Ain Ghazal | T | |
| 7,025 BC | Jordan PPNB | Ba’ja | ||
| 7,025 BC | Jordan PPNB | Ba’ja | E1b1b1b2a1a~ | N1a1a |
| 6,900 BC | Jordan PPNB LN | Ba’ja | N1b1a | |
| 6,850 BC | Jordan PPNC | 'Ain Ghazal | ||
| 6,750 BC | Jordan PPNC | 'Ain Ghazal | R0a2 | |
| 6,750 BC | Jordan PPNC | 'Ain Ghazal | R0a2 | |
| 6,750 BC | Jordan PPNC | 'Ain Ghazal | R0a2 | |
| 6,750 BC | Jordan PPNC | 'Ain Ghazal | R0a2 |
3,000 to 1,000 BC (29 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,406 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | J2b1 | R0a1a |
| 2,406 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | J2b1a~ | R0a1a |
| 2,400 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | X2n | |
| 2,400 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | X2n | |
| 2,400 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | X2n | |
| 2,079 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | J1a2a1a2d2b~ | H14a |
| 2,079 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | J1a2a1a2d2b~ | H14a |
| 2,079 BC | Jordan EBA | 'Ain Ghazal | J1a2a1a2d2b~ | H14a |
| 1,435 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | I5 | |
| 1,394 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | J1b2 |
| 1,359 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | N2a1 |
| 1,354 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | L0f2b |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b~ | U3b3 |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA-o | Baq'ah | U3a2a | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | U4a |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b~ | N1b1a |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | U3a3 | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | H23 | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | U3b1a |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | U3b3 | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | H1+152 | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | U3b |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | H | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | T2c1a |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | T2c1a | |
| 1,350 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | ||
| 1,336 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | N1b1a | |
| 1,330 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | N1b1a2 |
| 1,284 BC | Jordan LBA | Baq'ah | J1a2a1a2d2b2b2~ | T1a1 |
Excavation sites
- 'Ain Ghazal 28, 8,100 BC to 2,079 BC
- Baq'ah 21, 1,435 BC to 1,284 BC
- Ba’ja 3, 7,025 BC to 6,900 BC
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.