Ancient DNA from Italy

Main archaeological groups: Italy Novilara IA Piceni (57), Italy Sicily IA Punic (47), Italy Lazio IA Etruscan (31), Italy Sicily Himera IA Greek (30), Italy Sicily IA Sicani (27).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: R1b (109), G2a (76), I2a (44), J2a (42), E1b (23), J2b (20).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: K1a (44), H (41), U5b (41), J1c (37), T2b (32), H1 (20).

📊 How Italy's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.

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Period by period

Excavation sites

• Novilara 57, 839 BC to 531 BC
• Himera 36, 550 BC to 409 BC
• Collegno 24, AD 600
• Grotta dell'Uzzo 23, 8,725 BC to 2,093 BC
• Tarquinia 23, 315 BC to AD 1091
• Tharros 22, 695 BC to AD 12
• Isola Sacra 19, AD 87 to AD 200
• Motya 19, 1,885 BC to 136 BC
• Polizzello 19, 783 BC to 642 BC
• Anghelu Ruju 18, 4,018 BC to 626 BC
• Palazzo della Cancelleria 16, AD 855 to AD 1475
• Su Crucifissu Mannu 16, 3,867 BC to 1,717 BC
• Venosa 16, AD 700 to AD 725
• Pesaro 15, AD 357 to AD 600
• Villa Magna 14, AD 900 to AD 1355
• Birgi 12, 649 BC to AD 268
• Buffa 12, 2,171 BC to 1,540 BC
• Casenovole 12, 446 BC to 281 BC
• Grotta Continenza 12, 9,835 BC to 2,882 BC
• Monterozzi necropolis 11, 642 BC to 78 BC
• Vetulonia 10, 771 BC to 275 BC
• Chiusi 9, 787 BC to AD 1073
• Monteriggioni 9, 599 BC to 362 BC
• S'Orcu ‘e Tueri 9, 1,276 BC to 299 BC
• Selinunte-Case Manuzza 9, 550 BC to 275 BC
• Serra Cabriles 9, 2,402 BC to 2,071 BC
• ANAS necropolis 8, AD 200
• Baucina-Monte Falcone 8, 636 BC to 600 BC
• Herdonia 8, 654 BC to AD 1080
• Riparo sotto roccia Su Asedazzu 8, 2,227 BC to 1,038 BC
• Crypta Balbi 7, AD 500 to AD 631
• Marsala 7, 550 BC to AD 304
• Ripabianca di Monterado 7, 5,321 BC to 5,196 BC
• Sant' Imbenia 7, 1,043 BC to AD 311
• Sirolo 7, 641 BC to 599 BC
• Fossato di Stretto Partana 6, 4,882 BC to 4,768 BC
• Grottina dei Covoloni del Broion 6, 3,202 BC to 1,497 BC
• Lilybaeum-Necropoli Monumentale 6, 144 BC to AD 292
• Marcellino & Pietro 6, AD 280 to AD 400
• Pompeii 6, AD 79
• Via Paisiello 6, AD 100
• Villamar 6, 804 BC to 431 BC
• Contrada Paolina 5, 2,088 BC to 1,781 BC
• Lilybaeum-Tribunale 5, 340 BC to AD 160
• Marcita 5, 1,275 BC to 978 BC
• Mausoleo di Augusto 5, AD 412 to AD 500
• Monterotondo 5, AD 136 to AD 153
• Paglicci 5, 30,936 BC to 25,950 BC
• Salapia 5, 1,152 BC to 287 BC
• San Ercolano 5, AD 500
• Su Grutta ’e is Bittuleris 5, 1,785 BC to 1,700 BC
• Tarquinia Civita 5, 980 BC to 796 BC
• Viale Rossini 5, AD 100 to AD 110
• Casal Bertole 4, AD 150
• Casale del Dolce 4, AD 170 to AD 300
• Centocelle 4, AD 200 to AD 295
• Lilybaeum-Via Berta 4, 350 BC to 155 BC
• Perdasdefogu 4, 1,284 BC to 1,138 BC
• Pian Sultano 4, 1,837 BC to 1,650 BC
• San Nicola Necropoli Esterna 4, AD 1276 to AD 1469
• Urbino Bivio C.M. 4, AD 125 to AD 173
• Aho Monte Carru 3, AD 175 to AD 205
• Campiglia dei Foci 3, 647 BC to 639 BC
• Cancarro 3, AD 1150
• Caserma Tukory 3, 383 BC to 46 BC
• Grotta Colombi 3, AD 353 to AD 945
• Grotta La Sassa 3, 2,683 BC to 2,636 BC
• Grutta I de Longu Fresu 3, 4,095 BC to 1,825 BC
• La Mattonara 3, 650 BC
• Lilybaeum 3, 127 BC to AD 568
• Lilybaeum-Via De Gasperi 3, 350 BC to AD 218
• Lilybaeum-Via Gramsci 3, 350 BC
• Marsiliana d'Albegna 3, 725 BC to AD 312
• Mazzano Romano 3, AD 200
• Pergole 2 3, 2,759 BC to 2,200 BC
• Remedello di Sotto 3, 3,257 BC to 1,952 BC
• Sa Ucca de su Tintirriolu 3, 3,796 BC to 2,465 BC
• San Giovanni Rotondo 3, 591 BC to AD 723
• San Lorenzo 3, AD 1184 to AD 1250
• San Teodoro 3, 11,500 BC to 10,250 BC
• Seulo 3, 4,324 BC to 1,454 BC
• Tivoli Palazzo Cianti 3, AD 1650
• Via Guidorossi 3, 2,056 BC to 2,050 BC
• Alghero 2, 1,044 BC to 975 BC
• Ardea 2, 650 BC
• Cannas di Sotto 2, 3,248 BC
• Celio 2, AD 500
• Civitanova Marche 2, AD 136
• Corona Moltana/ Zarau 2, AD 844 to AD 933
• Grotta delle Mura 2, 15,095 BC to 1,213 BC
• Grotte di Pradis 2, 11,041 BC
• Is Arutas 2, 1,161 BC to 1,146 BC
• Lilybaeum-Crispia Salvia Tomb 2, 350 BC
• Maddalena di Muccia 2, 5,378 BC
• Monte Sirai 2, 724 BC to 550 BC
• Noeddale 2, 4,182 BC to 4,140 BC
• Ostuni 2, 27,166 BC to 25,664 BC
• Poggio Renzo 2, 660 BC to 629 BC
• Riparo Tagliente 2, 14,786 BC
• S'isteridolzu 2, 4,145 BC to 2,713 BC
• Villabruna 2, 12,071 BC
• Anulù Seui 1, 1,201 BC
• Arene Candide 1, 10,806 BC
• Boville Ernica 1, 650 BC
• Castel di Decima 1, 800 BC
• Filigosa, t 1 1, 3,205 BC
• Fontenoce 1, 3,398 BC
• Gaudo 1, 3,150 BC
• Grotta d’Oriente 1, 10,050 BC
• Grotta Nisco 1, 2,725 BC
• Grotta Regina Magherita 1, 1,547 BC
• Ingurtosu Mannu 1, 1,147 BC
• Isnello 1, 2,262 BC
• Magliano 1, 667 BC
• Martinisciuro 1, 882 BC
• Monte San Biagio 1, 5,124 BC
• Mora Cavorso 1, 5,415 BC
• Necropoli di Gattolino 1, 2,773 BC
• Oetz Valley 1, 3,245 BC
• Padru Jossu 1, 2,195 BC

And 12 smaller sites.

Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.