Ancient DNA from Indonesia
20 ancient people from Indonesia have had their genome published, from 5,300 BC to AD 1751. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
Main archaeological groups: Indonesia EBA (5), Indonesia N EBA (4), Indonesia 250BP Sulawesi (2), Indonesia LN BA IA (2), Indonesia N (2).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: O2a (3), C1b (1), E1b (1), O1a (1), O1b (1), S (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: B4a (4), E1a (2), E2a (2), Q (2), Q1 (2), Q1d (2).
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Period by period
10,000 to 5,000 BC (1 individual)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,300 BC | Indonesia Sulawesi | Leang Panninge | M1 |
1,000 BC to AD 1 (8 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300 BC | Indonesia EBA | Aru Manara | Q1d | |
| 300 BC | Indonesia EBA | Aru Manara | B4a1a1 | |
| 298 BC | Indonesia EBA | Aru Manara | C1b | B4a1a1 |
| 211 BC | Indonesia LN BA IA | Loyang Ujung Cave | O1b1a1a1 | M20 |
| 200 BC | Indonesia N EBA | Tanjung Pinang | O2a2b2a2b | Q1 |
| 200 BC | Indonesia N EBA | Tanjung Pinang | S1a1b | Q |
| 200 BC | Indonesia N EBA | Tanjung Pinang | O2a2b2a2b | B4a1a |
| 123 BC | Indonesia N EBA | Tanjung Pinang | S | Q |
AD 1 to 1000 (4 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 4 | Indonesia EBA | Aru Manara | M73a | |
| AD 123 | Indonesia LN BA IA | Loyang Ujung Cave | F1a1a | |
| AD 126 | Indonesia N | Gua Uattamdi | O1a2 | E1a1a1 |
| AD 950 | Indonesia 950BP Sulawesi | Gua Talimbue | Q1 |
After AD 1000 (7 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1093 | Indonesia EBA | Aru Manara | Q1d | |
| AD 1193 | Indonesia LIA | Liang Bua | E1a2+(16261) | |
| AD 1275 | Indonesia N | Liang Bua | M17a | |
| AD 1281 | Indonesia Majapahit | Komodo | B4a1a1 | |
| AD 1441 | Indonesia PreColonial Majapahit | Jareng Bori | M7b1a2a1 | |
| AD 1564 | Indonesia 250BP Sulawesi | Topogaro | E1b1b1b2a1a~ | E2a |
| AD 1751 | Indonesia 250BP Sulawesi | Topogaro | O2a2a1a2 | E2a |
Excavation sites
- Aru Manara 5, 300 BC to AD 1093
- Tanjung Pinang 4, 200 BC to 123 BC
- Liang Bua 2, AD 1193 to AD 1275
- Loyang Ujung Cave 2, 211 BC to AD 123
- Topogaro 2, AD 1564 to AD 1751
- Gua Talimbue 1, AD 950
- Gua Uattamdi 1, AD 126
- Jareng Bori 1, AD 1441
- Komodo 1, AD 1281
- Leang Panninge 1, 5,300 BC
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.