Ancient DNA from Georgia
21 ancient people from Georgia have had their genome published, from 24,400 BC to 947 BC. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
Main archaeological groups: Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus (6), Georgia Didnauri LBA (3), Georgia Nazarlebi LBA (3), Georgia DzudzuanaCave UP (2), Georgia KotiasKlde Mesolithic (2).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: J2 (2), J2a (2), R1b (2), A0 (1), C1a (1), CT (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: K1a (3), H13c (2), N (2), H4b (1), I5c (1), K (1).
📊 How Georgia's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.
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Period by period
Before 10,000 BC (4 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24,400 BC | Georgia DzudzuanaCave UP | Dzudzuana Cave | C1a2 | N |
| 24,400 BC | Georgia DzudzuanaCave UP | Dzudzuana Cave | CT | N |
| 23,640 BC | Georgia KotiasKlde UP | Kotias Klde | U4'9 | |
| 11,332 BC | Georgia Satsurblia LateUP | Satsurblia | J1 | K3 |
10,000 to 5,000 BC (8 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,728 BC | Georgia KotiasKlde Mesolithic | Kotias Klde | J2a1 | H13c |
| 7,727 BC | Georgia KotiasKlde Mesolithic | Kotias Klde | J2 | H13c |
| 5,814 BC | Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus | Arukhlo 2 | T2e | |
| 5,700 BC | Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus | Arukhlo 2 | ||
| 5,608 BC | Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus | Arukhlo 2 | R | K1a12a1a |
| 5,591 BC | Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus | Arukhlo 2 | J2a1a | |
| 5,535 BC | Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus | Arukhlo 2 | U1a | |
| 5,513 BC | Georgia Arukhlo2 N Caucasus | Arukhlo 2 | H2 | K1b1 |
3,000 to 1,000 BC (8 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,950 BC | Georgia BalitshiDzedzvebiIII1 MBA Caucasus | Balitshi-Dzedzvebi III 1 | ||
| 2,944 BC | Georgia Doghlauri EBA KuraAraxes | Doghlauri | J2 | K1a |
| 1,250 BC | Georgia Nazarlebi LBA | Nazarlebi | IJ | K |
| 1,250 BC | Georgia Nazarlebi LBA | Nazarlebi | I2a2b | N1a1a1a |
| 1,250 BC | Georgia Nazarlebi LBA | Nazarlebi | K1a4b | |
| 1,214 BC | Georgia Doghlauri LBA | Doghlauri | H4b | |
| 1,156 BC | Georgia Didnauri LBA | Didnauri | R1b1a1b1b | U7b |
| 1,133 BC | Georgia Didnauri LBA | Didnauri | R1b1a1b1b | I5c |
1,000 BC to AD 1 (1 individual)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 947 BC | Georgia Didnauri LBA | Didnauri | A0-T | X2 |
Excavation sites
- Arukhlo 2 6, 5,814 BC to 5,513 BC
- Didnauri 3, 1,156 BC to 947 BC
- Kotias Klde 3, 23,640 BC to 7,727 BC
- Nazarlebi 3, 1,250 BC
- Doghlauri 2, 2,944 BC to 1,214 BC
- Dzudzuana Cave 2, 24,400 BC
- Balitshi-Dzedzvebi III 1 1, 2,950 BC
- Satsurblia 1, 11,332 BC
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.