Ancient DNA from Denmark
653 ancient people from Denmark have had their genome published, from 8,470 BC to AD 1804. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
653ancient individuals
295excavation sites
9published studies
8,470 BColdest individual
Main archaeological groups: Denmark Medieval (83), Denmark Viking (74), Denmark EN (28), Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle (22), Denmark Simonsborg EarlyRoman (20).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: R1b (102), I2a (63), I1a (51), I1 (48), R1a (30), I (11).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: U5b (29), U5a (27), T2b (17), J1c (16), K1a (15), H6a (10).
📊 How Denmark's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.
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Period by period
10,000 to 5,000 BC (25 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8,470 BC | Denmark EarlyMesolithic Maglemose | Koelbjerg | I2a1b2 | U5a2c |
| 7,654 BC | Denmark EarlyMesolithic Maglemose | Hedegaard | CT | H2a2a1 |
| 7,217 BC | Denmark EarlyMesolithic Maglemose | Køge Sønakke | I2a2 | U5b2a+@16192 |
| 7,162 BC | Denmark EarlyMesolithic Maglemose | Strøby Grøftemar | I2a1a2 | K1e |
| 6,318 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Rønsten | I2a1b1a | U5a2b |
| 6,299 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Orehoved Sejlrende | U5b1b | |
| 6,210 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Orehoved Sejlrende | U5a2b | |
| 5,918 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Vedbaek Boldbaner | I2a2 | K1e |
| 5,774 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Tybrind Vig | U5a2b | |
| 5,625 BC | Denmark EarlyMesolithic Maglemose | Kongemose | I2a1a2 | U5b1 |
| 5,625 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Tudse Hage | K1e | |
| 5,598 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Korsør Nor | I2a1a2 | U5a2b |
| 5,357 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Koed | I2 | U5a2c |
| 5,355 BC | Denmark Mesolithic | Bodal K | U4a2 | |
| 5,347 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Koed | U5a2b | |
| 5,324 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken | I | U5b1d2 |
| 5,303 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Fannerup F | I | U5b2b1a |
| 5,226 BC | Denmark Mesolithic | Dragsholm | U5a2b | |
| 5,221 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken | I2a2 | U4a2 |
| 5,178 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Nederst | U5a2b | |
| 5,150 BC | Denmark MM Kongemose | Korsør Nor | I2a2 | U5b1 |
| 5,146 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken | I2a1a2 | U5b1d2 |
| 5,136 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Dragsholm | U5b2b | |
| 5,136 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Dragsholm | U5b2b | |
| 5,033 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken | I2a1a1b1~ | U5b1d2 |
5,000 to 3,000 BC (61 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,984 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Holmegard-Djursland | CT | U5a'b |
| 4,958 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Henriksholm-Bøgebakken | I2a1b2 | R1b1 |
| 4,783 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Havnø | U5b1b1+@16192 | |
| 4,751 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Fannerup E | U5b2c | |
| 4,624 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Fannerup D | I2a1b1a2a2~ | U5b1b1+@16192 |
| 4,614 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Norsminde | U5b1 | |
| 4,613 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Bjørnsholm | I2a2 | U5b2b1a |
| 4,507 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Ertebølle | I2a2 | U5b1 |
| 4,491 BC | Denmark RudsVedby EN | Ruds Vedby | R1b | |
| 4,434 BC | Denmark Borremose EN | Borremose | I2a1a2 | |
| 4,401 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Ertebølle | I2a2 | U5b2a1a |
| 4,384 BC | Denmark SdrTostrupSonderTastrup | Sdr. Tostrup | ||
| 4,366 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Sølager | R1b1 | |
| 4,350 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Vængesø II | F | U5a |
| 4,303 BC | Denmark LateMesolithic Ertebolle | Langø Skaldynge | R1b1 | |
| 4,277 BC | Denmark NorreVedby EN | Nørre Vedby | ||
| 4,259 BC | Denmark SludegaardSomose EN | Sludegaard Sømose | I2a2 | |
| 4,110 BC | Denmark EN N TRB | Ravnsbjerggard II | I | U5b2a2 |
| 4,106 BC | Denmark EN-oWHG | Rødhals | I2a1a1b1~ | K1e |
| 3,969 BC | Denmark StistrupkaerVII MN | Stistrup kær VII | ||
| 3,842 BC | Denmark EN-oWHG | Dragsholm | I | U5b2b |
| 3,818 BC | Denmark EN | Viksø Mose | K1a2b | |
| 3,796 BC | Denmark EN LateMesolithic | Syltholm | K1e | |
| 3,743 BC | Denmark EN | Tysmose | I2a1a2 | HV16 |
| 3,724 BC | Denmark EN | Roskilde Fjord | H | |
| 3,658 BC | Denmark EN | Rude | I2a2a~ | J2a1a1a |
| 3,631 BC | Denmark EN | Pandebjerg | I2a1a2 | J1c |
| 3,597 BC | Denmark EN | Tissøe | T2b | |
| 3,573 BC | Denmark EN | Sigersdal Mose 2 | J1c | |
| 3,571 BC | Denmark EN | Lohals | H | |
| 3,569 BC | Denmark EN | Rude | I | J2a1a1a |
| 3,569 BC | Denmark EN | Bygholm Nørremark | I2a1a2 | J1c3j |
| 3,545 BC | Denmark EN | Grøfte | H2a2a | |
| 3,542 BC | Denmark EN | Jorløse Mose | I2a1a2 | U5b1b2 |
| 3,535 BC | Denmark EN | Salpetermosen syd 8 | I2a1a2 | T2b11 |
| 3,467 BC | Denmark EN | Dalmosegaard | I2a1a2 | H26 |
| 3,462 BC | Denmark EN | Sejerby | T2b | |
| 3,462 BC | Denmark EN | Lundby-Falster | R1b | K1a2b |
| 3,456 BC | Denmark EN | Vig Femhøve | Q1b | K1a2a |
| 3,452 BC | Denmark EN | Mandemarke | H4a1a1a |
3,000 to 1,000 BC (63 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,000 BC | Denmark Lillevasby LN | Lillevasby | R1b1a1b | |
| 2,736 BC | Denmark KaarebjergAgreTorslevHageGerlevSogn LN | Kaarebjerg Agre, Tørslev Hage, Gerlev Sogn | R1b1a1b1a1a | |
| 2,679 BC | Denmark KaarebjergAgreTorslevHageGerlevSogn LN | Kaarebjerg Agre, Tørslev Hage, Gerlev Sogn | R1b1a1b1a1a | |
| 2,638 BC | Denmark Lillevasby LN | Lillevasby | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 | |
| 2,634 BC | Denmark MN possible | Klokkehøj | ||
| 2,632 BC | Denmark Lillevasby LN | Lillevasby | R1b1a1b1a1a | |
| 2,625 BC | Denmark Kalvehavegaard LN | Kalvehavegaard | ||
| 2,624 BC | Denmark N TRB | Stenderup Hage | I2a1b1a | H+152 |
| 2,619 BC | Denmark MN-2 | Kyndelöse | R1a1a1 | J1c4 |
| 2,522 BC | Denmark OverVindinge LN | Over Vindinge | R1b1a1b | |
| 2,511 BC | Denmark VaerebroASnydebro LN | Værebro Å, Snydebro | ||
| 2,511 BC | Denmark Karlstrup BA | Karlstrup | R1b1a1b1a1a | |
| 2,504 BC | Denmark Karlstrup LN | Karlstrup | ||
| 2,501 BC | Denmark N MN TRB | Næs | I2a1a2 | U2e2a1a2 |
| 2,500 BC | Denmark Karlstrup BA | Karlstrup | R1b1a1b1a1a | |
| 2,471 BC | Denmark GerlevSTRVej10Indiv2MFG11497 LN | Gerlev STR. Vej 10 Indiv 2 MFG 114/97 | I1 | |
| 2,471 BC | Denmark Lillevasby LN | Lillevasby | ||
| 2,433 BC | Denmark Djursland SingleGraveCulture | Gjerrild Cist | HV0 | |
| 2,433 BC | Denmark Karlstrup BA | Karlstrup | R1b1a1b1a | |
| 2,390 BC | Denmark LN | Toftum Mose | R | T2a1a |
| 2,300 BC | Denmark GerlevSTRVej10Indiv1MFG11497 LN | Gerlev STR. Vej 10 Indiv 1 MFG 114/97 | ||
| 2,294 BC | Denmark OverVindinge BA | Over Vindinge | I1 | |
| 2,276 BC | Denmark SingleGraveCulture | Gjerrild Cist | R1b1a2 | |
| 2,260 BC | Denmark LN | Toftum Mose | R1b1a1b1a1a | T2b2 |
| 2,251 BC | Denmark LN | Kolind | I2a1b1a2b1 | J1c3g |
| 2,235 BC | Denmark Karlstrup LN | Karlstrup | I1 | |
| 2,229 BC | Denmark Kalvehavegaard EBA | Kalvehavegaard | ||
| 2,223 BC | Denmark LN | Barhøj | R1b1a1b1a1a | T2b |
| 2,206 BC | Denmark N TRB | Toftum Mose | IJ | U5b3b |
| 2,174 BC | Denmark LN | Borreby | R1b1a1b | U4b1a1a1 |
| 2,163 BC | Denmark OverVindinge BA | Over Vindinge | I1 | |
| 2,160 BC | Denmark HyllebjergX EBA | Hyllebjerg X | ||
| 2,156 BC | Denmark OverVindinge LN | Over Vindinge | I1 | |
| 2,118 BC | Denmark LN | Mosede Mose | H6a1a | |
| 2,107 BC | Denmark Uglemose LN | Uglemose | I1 | |
| 2,090 BC | Denmark LN | Falshöj | H3b | |
| 2,071 BC | Denmark LN-o | Marbjerg | F | H3v+16093 |
| 2,047 BC | Denmark LN | Kyndelöse | U4a2 | |
| 2,043 BC | Denmark N TRB | Toftum Mose | R1b1a1b1a1a4 | K2a5 |
| 2,033 BC | Denmark LN | Kolind | I2a1b1a2b1 | N1a1a1a1 |
1,000 BC to AD 1 (49 individuals)
AD 1 to 1000 (344 individuals)
After AD 1000 (111 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1007 | Denmark Norrebjerg Viking | Nørrebjerg | I1a2a1a1a | |
| AD 1015 | Denmark Viking | Ribe | R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b4c | N1a1a1a2 |
| AD 1016 | Denmark Viking | Ribe | K1a4a1c | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | H3v+16093 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | R1a1a1b1a3a1a | HV9a1a |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | H31 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | H2a1 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | ||
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | T2b5a1 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | H1b | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | H3h | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | W1+119 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | I | I2 |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | G2a2b2a1a1b | H6a1a |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | H10c1 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | I2d | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | HV+16311 | |
| AD 1050 | Denmark Medieval | Kopenhagen | ||
| AD 1054 | Denmark Viking | Ribe | H3 | |
| AD 1094 | Denmark Kalmargarden EarlyMedieval | Kalmargården | R1b1a1b1a1a | |
| AD 1100 | Denmark Medieval | Vor Frue Kirkegård | H3n | |
| AD 1100 | Denmark Medieval | Vor Frue Kirkegård | I1 | |
| AD 1104 | Denmark Kalmargarden EarlyMedieval | Kalmargården | I2a1a2b1a1a1 | |
| AD 1125 | Denmark Medieval | Vor Frue Kirkegård | U4a1e | |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | E1b1b1a1b1a10a1a | H10e |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | I1 | T2a1b1a1b1 |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 | K1a4a1 |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | I1a2a1a1a1a1 | H2a2b |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | K1a1a | |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | J1c+16261 | |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | U4a2a | |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | R1b1a1b1a1a1b1b | U2e1 |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | R1b1a1b1a1a2d1a1 | K1d |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | U5a2c | |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | I1a8~ | H84 |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Tjærby | R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a2a | K2 |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Ahlgade 15-17 | R1a | U4a1 |
| AD 1150 | Denmark Medieval | Ahlgade 15-17 | I | H10e |
| AD 1175 | Denmark Medieval | Vor Frue Kirkegård | J2a1a1a2 | |
| AD 1325 | Denmark Medieval | Vor Frue Kirkegård | R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a1 | H2a3a |
Excavation sites
- Vor Frue Kirkegård 32, AD 1100 to AD 1750
- Tjærby 28, AD 1150 to AD 1375
- Ahlgade 15-17 25, AD 1150 to AD 1475
- Simonsborg 21, AD 125 to AD 243
- Galgedil 16, AD 875 to AD 950
- Kopenhagen 15, AD 1050
- Alken_Enge 14, 92 BC to AD 207
- Lillevasby 14, 3,000 BC to AD 243
- Bogevej 13, AD 950
- Mosede Fort 12, AD 186
- Asnæs 11, AD 118 to AD 204
- Bogøvej 9, AD 976
- Ribe 9, AD 767 to AD 1054
- Hesselbjerg 8, AD 875
- Bakkendrup 7, AD 868 to AD 976
- Trelleborg 7, AD 976
- Bulbjerg 6, 950 BC to AD 264
- Kaagarden 6, AD 950
- Kaagården 6, AD 976
- Karlstrup 6, 2,511 BC to 1,351 BC
- Slusegård 6, AD 186 to AD 409
- Henriksholm-Bøgebakken 5, 5,324 BC to 4,958 BC
- Lejre 5, AD 875 to AD 976
- Lundbjerggård 5, AD 257 to AD 347
- Vindinge Vest I&II 5, AD 57 to AD 477
- Dragsholm 4, 5,226 BC to 3,842 BC
- Gerdrup 4, 1,888 BC to AD 850
- Kalvehavegaard 4, 2,625 BC to 1,785 BC
- Øbjergaard 4, AD 80 to AD 264
- Over Vindinge 4, 2,522 BC to 2,156 BC
- Regnemark 4, AD 409
- Sanddal 4, AD 162 to AD 393
- Skovgårde 4, AD 398 to AD 409
- Stålmosegård 4, AD 114 to AD 477
- Toftum Mose 4, 2,390 BC to 2,043 BC
- Tollemosegard 4, AD 850
- Hundstrup Mose 3, AD 720 to AD 778
- Landledgård 3, AD 186
- Mellemholm 3, AD 285 to AD 409
- Øsjergaard 3, AD 243 to AD 409
- Rantzausminde 3, AD 875
- Sdr.Tranders 3, 16 BC to AD 398
- SOEL_964_Engbjerg 3, AD 400
- Tollestrup_Mose 3, 1,400 BC to 669 BC
- Assistens Kirkegård 2, AD 1804
- Bodkergarden 2, AD 850
- Bødkergårds mark 2, AD 976
- Bøgebjerggård, Røstofte 2, AD 264
- Borreby 2, 2,174 BC to 2,023 BC
- Borritshoved 2, 950 BC to AD 186
- Broskov 2, AD 409
- Egebjerg 2, AD 409
- Ertebølle 2, 4,507 BC to 4,401 BC
- Espe 2, AD 247 to AD 372
- Fårevejlegård 2, AD 186
- Fraugde 2, AD 409
- Gjerrild Cist 2, 2,433 BC to 2,276 BC
- Gl Lejre 2, AD 950
- Glerup 2, AD 186 to AD 1755
- Hemmeshøj 2, AD 264
- Hessum 2, AD 950
- Hvidovre 2, AD 186
- Hyldebjerg, Vaarst 2, AD 579
- Illemose 2, 312 BC to 282 BC
- Illerup_weapon_sacrifice_site 2, 665 BC to AD 247
- Kaarebjerg Agre, Tørslev Hage, Gerlev Sogn 2, 2,736 BC to 2,679 BC
- Kalmargården 2, AD 1094 to AD 1104
- Koed 2, 5,357 BC to 5,347 BC
- Kolind 2, 2,251 BC to 2,033 BC
- Korsør Nor 2, 5,598 BC to 5,150 BC
- Kumle Høje 2, AD 976
- Kyndelöse 2, 2,619 BC to 2,047 BC
- Ladby 2, AD 765 to AD 800
- Lejrhøje 2, 3,011 BC to AD 409
- Lundby-Falster 2, 3,462 BC to 3,442 BC
- Mosede Mose 2, 2,118 BC to 1,886 BC
- Næstved Mark 2, AD 409
- Orehoved Sejlrende 2, 6,299 BC to 6,210 BC
- Rislev 2, 260 BC to 214 BC
- Rude 2, 3,658 BC to 3,569 BC
- Sdr. Tostrup 2, 4,384 BC to 306 BC
- Sdr. Trander, Aalborg 2, AD 186 to AD 209
- Sondrup Østergaard, Ulstrup sogn 2, 190 BC to AD 290
- Strøby 2, 3,215 BC to 3,182 BC
- Værebro Å, Snydebro 2, 3,096 BC to 2,511 BC
- Varpelev 2, AD 120 to AD 158
- Vester Egesborg 2, AD 186
- Aalstrup, Mellergaard 1, 950 BC
- Aamosen-Gammelvind 1, AD 789
- Aastofte 1, AD 264
- Alken Enge 1, AD 50
- Allerslev 1, AD 570
- Almager 1, AD 161
- Alpegard 1, AD 539
- Alsted 1, AD 409
- Barhøj 1, 2,223 BC
- Bårse 1, AD 251
- Barup Sandgrav 1, AD 409
- Baunehøj 1, AD 409
- Besser 1, AD 900
- Bilidt 1, AD 776
- Bjoernstrupgaard 1, 150 BC
- Bjørnsholm 1, 4,613 BC
- Blæsenborgvej 1, AD 36
- Bodal K 1, 5,355 BC
- Bøgebjerg 1, AD 186
- Borre_Enge 1, AD 793
- Borremose 1, 4,434 BC
- Borse 1, AD 950
- Bredebjerggård 8 1, AD 385
- Brondsager Torsiinre 1, AD 300
- Bybjerg 1, 1,430 BC
- Bygholm Nørremark 1, 3,569 BC
- Dagsmose 1, 418 BC
- Dalmosegaard 1, 3,467 BC
- Døjringe 1, 3,390 BC
- Egedal Mose 1, AD 87
- Eksercérpladsen 1, AD 81
- Elkenoere 1, AD 49
- Elkenøre 1, 3,395 BC
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.
Which of these ancient peoples are in your DNA?
Our Nordsee (North Sea) report compares your own raw DNA file with the ancient and modern populations of the region, era by era, and explains your result in plain language with your haplogroups.