Ancient DNA from Chile
20 ancient people from Chile have had their genome published, from 9,935 BC to AD 1850. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
Main archaeological groups: Chile CaletaHuelen 1100BP (3), Chile Conchali 700BP (2), Chile LosRieles 12000BP (2), Chile CerroJohnny 400BP Aonikenk (1), Chile EncoC2 LateAntiquity Chinchorro (1).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: Q1b (14), CT (1), R1b (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: C1b (6), A2 (3), D1g (3), B2 (2), D4h (2), B2i (1).
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Period by period
10,000 to 5,000 BC (3 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,935 BC | Chile LosRieles 12000BP | Los Rieles | Q1b1a1a | C1b |
| 9,935 BC | Chile LosRieles 12000BP | Los Rieles | Q1b1a1a | C1b |
| 5,343 BC | Chile PuntaSantaAna 7300BP | Punta Santa Ana |
5,000 to 3,000 BC (3 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,292 BC | Chile EncoC2 LateAntiquity Chinchorro | Enco C2 | CT | A2 |
| 3,180 BC | Chile Patagonia 5100BP | Patagonia | Q1b1a1a | |
| 3,145 BC | Chile LosRieles 5100BP | Los Rieles | Q1b1a1a | C1b |
AD 1 to 1000 (5 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 739 | Chile Patagonia 1200BP | Patagonia | Q1b1a | D4h3a5 |
| AD 849 | Chile CaletaHuelen 1100BP | Caleta Huelen | B2 | |
| AD 950 | Chile CaletaHuelen 1100BP | Caleta Huelen | Q1b1a1a | A2+(64) |
| AD 950 | Chile HosteIsland 800BP | Hoste Island | Q1b1a1a | D1g+16189 |
| AD 960 | Chile CaletaHuelen 1100BP | Caleta Huelen | R |
After AD 1000 (9 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1092 | Chile PuntaSantaMaria 800BP | Punta Santa María | C1b | |
| AD 1125 | Chile Conchali 700BP | Conchalí | Q1b1a2a~ | D4h3a1a2 |
| AD 1175 | Chile PuertoWilliams 800BP | Puerto Williams | Q1b1a1a | C1b |
| AD 1200 | Chile Precordillera LIP 700BP Pukara | Precordillera | R1b1a1b1b3 | B2 |
| AD 1305 | Chile PicaOchoPica8 700BP | Pica Ocho / Pica 8 | Q1b1a1a1i1a | A2 |
| AD 1347 | Chile Precordillera LIP 600BP Pukara | Precordillera | Q1b1a1a1h1a | C1b |
| AD 1355 | Chile Conchali 700BP | Conchalí | Q1b1a1a | B2i2b |
| AD 1526 | Chile CerroJohnny 400BP Aonikenk | Cerro Johnny | Q1b1a | D1g+16189 |
| AD 1850 | Chile FaroMendez 100BP Selknam | Faro Méndez | Q1b1a1a | D1g+16189 |
Excavation sites
- Caleta Huelen 3, AD 849 to AD 960
- Los Rieles 3, 9,935 BC to 3,145 BC
- Conchalí 2, AD 1125 to AD 1355
- Patagonia 2, 3,180 BC to AD 739
- Precordillera 2, AD 1200 to AD 1347
- Cerro Johnny 1, AD 1526
- Enco C2 1, 4,292 BC
- Faro Méndez 1, AD 1850
- Hoste Island 1, AD 950
- Pica Ocho / Pica 8 1, AD 1305
- Puerto Williams 1, AD 1175
- Punta Santa Ana 1, 5,343 BC
- Punta Santa María 1, AD 1092
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.