Ancient DNA from Bolivia
21 ancient people from Bolivia have had their genome published, from AD 290 to AD 1495. Here they are on a map and period by period, with their archaeological cultures and haplogroups.
Main archaeological groups: Bolivia Akapana 1000BP Tiwanaku (4), Bolivia MHorizon (4), Bolivia MirafloresTiticacaBasin MHorizon 1100BP (3), Bolivia Lukurmata 900BP Tiwanaku (2), Bolivia 1050BP (1).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: Q1b (7), F (1), Q (1).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: B2 (9), C1c (3), C1b (2), B2b (1), C1d (1), D1 (1).
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Period by period
AD 1 to 1000 (14 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 290 | Bolivia Lukurmata 1700BP Tiwanaku | Lukurmata | C1b | |
| AD 723 | Bolivia Pumapunku 1200BP Tiwanaku | Pumapunku | Q1b1a1a | B2 |
| AD 727 | Bolivia Putuni 1200BP Tiwanaku | Putuni | C1c | |
| AD 825 | Bolivia MHorizon | Tiwanaku | F | B2 |
| AD 830 | Bolivia MirafloresTiticacaBasin MHorizon 1100BP | Miraflores Titicaca Basin | ||
| AD 850 | Bolivia MirafloresTiticacaBasin MHorizon 1100BP | Miraflores Titicaca Basin | ||
| AD 860 | Bolivia MirafloresTiticacaBasin MHorizon 1100BP | Miraflores Titicaca Basin | ||
| AD 925 | Bolivia Akapana 1000BP Tiwanaku | Akapana | Q1b1a1a | C1b |
| AD 929 | Bolivia Akapana 1000BP Tiwanaku | Akapana | Q1b1a1a1i1a | B2 |
| AD 933 | Bolivia Akapana 1000BP Tiwanaku | Akapana | Q1b1a1a | C1c |
| AD 940 | Bolivia MonolitoDescabezado 1000BP Tiwanaku | Monolito Descabezado | C1d1 | |
| AD 960 | Bolivia MHorizon | Tiwanaku | C1c | |
| AD 965 | Bolivia 1050BP | Iroco Titicaca Basin | ||
| AD 984 | Bolivia Akapana 1000BP Tiwanaku | Akapana | D1 |
After AD 1000 (7 individuals)
| Date | Group | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD 1015 | Bolivia Lukurmata 900BP Tiwanaku | Lukurmata | Q1b1a | B2 |
| AD 1036 | Bolivia Akapana 900BP Tiwanaku | Akapana | B2b | |
| AD 1050 | Bolivia MHorizon | Tiwanaku | Q | B2 |
| AD 1085 | Bolivia MHorizon | Tiwanaku | Q1b1a1a | B2 |
| AD 1097 | Bolivia Lukurmata 900BP Tiwanaku | Lukurmata | B2 | |
| AD 1411 | Bolivia Totocachi 500BP Tiwanaku | Totocachi | B2 | |
| AD 1495 | Bolivia Lukurmata 500BP Tiwanaku | Lukurmata | Q1b1a1a | B2 |
Excavation sites
- Akapana 5, AD 925 to AD 1036
- Lukurmata 4, AD 290 to AD 1495
- Tiwanaku 4, AD 825 to AD 1085
- Miraflores Titicaca Basin 3, AD 830 to AD 860
- Iroco Titicaca Basin 1, AD 965
- Monolito Descabezado 1, AD 940
- Pumapunku 1, AD 723
- Putuni 1, AD 727
- Totocachi 1, AD 1411
Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.