Ancient DNA from Belgium

Main archaeological groups: Belgium HighMedieval (183), Belgium EarlyMedieval (52), Belgium LateMedieval EarlyModern (48), Belgium Medieval (43), Belgium HighMedieval LateMedieval (40).
Most frequent Y-DNA lines: R1b (22), I2a (12), I (4), I1 (4), F (3), I1a (3).
Most frequent mtDNA lines: U5b (7), H2a (5), U5a (5), H1q (4), K1a (4), T2b (4).

📊 How Belgium's DNA changed over 10,000 years: hunter-gatherers, farmers, steppe herders and later arrivals, period by period.

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Period by period

Excavation sites

• Sint-Truiden Groenmarkt 288, AD 724 to AD 1791
• Trudoplein 56, AD 725 to AD 1346
• St Rombout's 40, AD 1027 to AD 1821
• Koksijde 27, AD 700 to AD 730
• Goyet Cave 18, 40,486 BC to 13,127 BC
• Abri Sandron 9, 2,888 BC to 2,548 BC
• Pommeroeul 6, 2,961 BC to 575 BC
• Wulpen 6, AD 1088 to AD 1401
• Grotte du Mont Falise 5, 2,825 BC to 2,772 BC
• Waulsort Caverne X 4, 8,545 BC to 8,521 BC
• Tongeren-Beukenbergweg 2, AD 25
• Abri des Autours 1, 8,885 BC
• Calamin Forge 1, 8,500 BC
• Grotte de la Faille du Burin 1, 3,850 BC
• Grotte Rousseau 1, 2,529 BC
• Malonne Petit Ri 1, 8,501 BC
• Spy Cave 1, 38,972 BC
• Trou Al'Wesse 1, 3,203 BC
• Weris II 1, 2,568 BC

Source: Allen Ancient DNA Resource v66 (Mallick et al. 2024), individuals with a date and coordinates; samples the AADR flags as misdated are left out. Group names are those of the original studies. Haplogroups are shown when they could be read from the ancient DNA.