Ancient human parallel lineages within North America contributed to a coastal expansion

Study Information

Year 2018

Territory Canada

Abstract

Little is known regarding the first people to enter the Americas and their genetic legacy. Genomic analysis of the oldest human remains from the Americas showed a direct relationship between a Clovis-related ancestral population and all modern Central and South Americans as well as a deep split separating them from North Americans in Canada. We present 91 ancient human genomes from California and Southwestern Ontario and demonstrate the existence of two distinct ancestries in North America, which possibly split south of the ice sheets. A contribution from both of these ancestral populations is found in all modern Central and South Americans. The proportions of these two ancestries in ancient and modern populations are consistent with a coastal dispersal and multiple admixture events.

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G25 Coordinates 33 samples

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USA_AK_Athabskan.SG:523a_noUDG.SG,0.050082,-0.34528,0.117285,0.052649,-0.114791,-0.021753,-0.157222,-0.184838,-0.003477,-0.020593,0.009743,-0.008692,0.00996,-0.010046,-0.021037,-0.005701,-0.005607,0.009502,0.023003,0.016633,0.007861,-0.029553,-0.000493,0.017231,0.018202
USA_CA_SanFranciscoBay.SG:Ala1_noUDG.SG,0.048944,-0.308721,0.114268,0.091086,-0.103404,-0.018965,-0.281778,-0.326986,-0.002863,-0.014397,-0.002923,-0.002398,0.005649,0.011698,-0.007329,0.008353,0.005607,0.009755,0.009679,0.0005,-0.005865,0.00507,-0.003944,0.004338,-0.006826
Mexico_Pericues.SG:B-03_noUDG.SG,0.056912,-0.307705,0.113136,0.089148,-0.103712,-0.017291,-0.272142,-0.308295,-0.010226,-0.022597,0.006008,0.002548,-0.00446,0.010046,-0.003664,-0.005701,0.000261,0.0019,0.010056,-0.000625,-0.000873,-0.003833,0.005176,-0.010604,-0.003832
Canada_ASO.SG:CK-09_noUDG.SG,0.054635,-0.321923,0.112382,0.066861,-0.101557,-0.010598,-0.22044,-0.255451,-0.012271,-0.040821,-0.00065,0.001499,0.015907,0.004266,-0.006379,0.003845,-0.01004,-0.0019,-0.005279,-0.010255,0.000998,0.012489,-0.001232,-0.000843,-0.008981
Canada_ASO.SG:CK-13_noUDG.SG,0.044391,-0.304659,0.109742,0.090117,-0.096941,-0.022311,-0.236421,-0.281527,-0.011453,-0.020046,0.006658,-0.004496,-0.000892,0.006055,-0.010179,-0.003315,0.005998,-0.003674,0.006536,0.002251,0,-0.006554,-0.001232,0.007953,0.003592
USA_CA_SanCruz_IslandChumash.SG:CR-01_noUDG.SG,0.052359,-0.318876,0.115776,0.090117,-0.111405,-0.019801,-0.277313,-0.335755,-0.014726,-0.024602,-0.004384,-0.001499,-0.001338,0.011698,-0.007465,0.004243,0.006258,-0.001267,0.001383,-0.004877,0.000749,0.007543,-0.000123,0.003735,0.001437
USA_CA_LSCI.SG:CT-01_noUDG.SG,0.052359,-0.31583,0.11917,0.098192,-0.116637,-0.015339,-0.270027,-0.321217,-0.009613,-0.022597,0.003897,0.002548,0.001933,0.011836,-0.006515,0.007955,0.004172,-0.002154,-0.00264,0.004502,-0.002246,0.005688,-0.000616,0.00012,0.001197
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-50_noUDG.SG,0.046667,-0.321923,0.108611,0.094962,-0.113252,-0.019801,-0.283893,-0.335755,-0.008181,-0.016583,0.00682,-0.000599,0.005798,0.014863,-0.003122,0.005171,0.004824,-0.0019,-0.001508,0.005628,0.005241,0.005564,-0.000986,-0.00012,0.007784
USA_CA_Chumash_NewCuyama.SG:NC_noUDG.SG,0.050082,-0.312783,0.11653,0.101745,-0.112944,-0.013387,-0.276137,-0.330679,-0.01309,-0.009476,-0.004222,0.002548,-0.002676,0.015276,-0.012351,0.005967,-0.001304,0.005194,0.004022,-0.006753,0.000624,0.004575,0.00949,-0.000482,0.001916
USA_CA_Chumash.SG:PS-06_noUDG.SG,0.047806,-0.319892,0.118039,0.091409,-0.106481,-0.012271,-0.279663,-0.334371,-0.006954,-0.015126,-0.008769,0.000749,0.009366,0.019818,-0.004343,0.004906,0.001043,-0.002914,0.002137,-0.006378,0.004367,-0.000495,-0.003821,-0.003856,0.000958
USA_CA_Chumash.SG:PS-07_noUDG.SG,0.067156,-0.324969,0.117662,0.088502,-0.102173,-0.01757,-0.285538,-0.347524,-0.010226,-0.027335,0.002111,-0.006145,0.010109,0.011836,-0.012893,0.00411,-0.001304,0.003167,0.006285,0.01038,-0.001497,-0.006801,0.00419,-0.00494,0.000958
Canada_SW_Ontario_Huron-Wendat:RM-83,0.052359,-0.30669,0.110119,0.095608,-0.095402,-0.006136,-0.234776,-0.274835,-0.025156,-0.022051,0.003085,0.00015,0.003717,0.009221,-0.003529,0.009149,-0.010431,0.001394,-0.006913,-0.012256,-0.003743,0.007296,0.005916,0.00241,-0.002515
USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-01_noUDG.SG,0.045529,-0.314814,0.125581,0.089794,-0.115406,-0.01757,-0.274492,-0.329755,-0.0045,-0.024784,-0.005684,0.00045,0.004014,0.012661,-0.003664,0.008751,-0.003651,-0.007855,0.001383,-0.006503,-0.003993,-0.009892,-0.00493,0.001325,0.000599
USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-04_noUDG.SG,0.059188,-0.312783,0.118416,0.084303,-0.111098,-0.011156,-0.275432,-0.325371,-0.008999,-0.014397,-0.002598,-0.008542,0.009217,0.01968,-0.008415,0.004641,-0.004694,-0.006588,0.006788,0.002001,0.00287,0.005812,-0.00037,0.000843,0.006227
USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-05_noUDG.SG,0.050082,-0.310752,0.114268,0.096254,-0.109867,-0.018128,-0.271907,-0.319141,-0.013908,-0.018041,-0.006171,-0.002248,0.000892,0.015138,-0.006515,0.005304,0.005998,0.002154,-0.000377,-0.004502,0.001747,0.008285,0.000616,0.002771,0.00467
USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-06_noUDG.SG,0.055773,-0.30669,0.118793,0.090117,-0.120946,-0.013108,-0.282248,-0.338524,0.001841,-0.036265,0.013316,-0.00015,0.001041,0.008808,0.00855,0.004375,0.017602,-0.011149,-0.010936,0.007504,0.002371,0.007419,-0.006039,-0.003856,0.007664
USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-07_noUDG.SG,0.037562,-0.317861,0.11389,0.098192,-0.112636,-0.017012,-0.286008,-0.329986,-0.009204,-0.01713,-0.001137,0.00015,0.00446,0.02202,-0.009772,0.001724,0.005607,0.006968,-0.002137,-0.002751,0.004118,0.003833,-0.002095,0.007832,0.005508
USA_CA_SanMiguel_IslandChumash.SG:SM-02_noUDG.SG,0.056912,-0.321923,0.116907,0.087533,-0.115098,-0.02259,-0.283893,-0.33114,-0.015544,-0.026789,0.002273,-0.002398,0.008176,0.016928,-0.00665,0.004375,0.005476,0.000887,0.000628,0.007754,-0.002371,0.005441,0.003328,-0.000964,0.001317
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-03_noUDG.SG,0.063741,-0.303643,0.112759,0.092055,-0.11079,-0.010598,-0.274962,-0.330448,-0.016566,-0.028429,0.02241,0.00015,0.002973,0.006055,-0.010722,-0.004641,0.006389,-0.0019,-0.001257,-0.003502,-0.013851,0.002597,-0.013311,-0.002169,0.005508
USA_San_Nicolas_L:SN-10,0.052359,-0.310752,0.110496,0.086887,-0.112329,-0.022032,-0.271437,-0.316602,-0.009613,-0.012939,0.009581,0.006294,-0.001189,0.018029,-0.012079,0.002917,0.000522,0.00076,0.010559,-0.005253,-0.007112,0.003215,-0.007395,0.000482,0.011256
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-11_noUDG.SG,0.045529,-0.313799,0.111251,0.093347,-0.107405,-0.01506,-0.271437,-0.317064,-0.018816,-0.024784,0,-0.001499,0.003419,0.019542,-0.003936,0.004641,0.004563,-0.001014,0.004651,-0.005253,-0.003619,0.005935,-0.001849,0.00482,-0.001916
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-13_noUDG.SG,0.053497,-0.30669,0.117285,0.089471,-0.099095,-0.019801,-0.265092,-0.320987,-0.003477,-0.017495,-0.001299,-0.003597,-0.007136,0.015276,-0.003936,0.00411,0.006258,-0.007095,0.006411,0.003377,-0.000624,0.0115,-0.003574,0.00494,-0.001916
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-15_noUDG.SG,0.05805,-0.296535,0.113136,0.103037,-0.112329,-0.025937,-0.277548,-0.325833,-0.011249,-0.02606,0.004222,-0.003747,0.000743,0.020919,-0.0095,0.009414,0.00013,-0.00076,0.016089,-0.006128,-0.010482,-0.006925,-0.004314,-0.003856,0.00467
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-16_noUDG.SG,0.056912,-0.316845,0.105594,0.098838,-0.099711,-0.030678,-0.279428,-0.325833,-0.005113,-0.013121,0.018188,-0.007044,0.010704,0.006606,-0.003257,0.003845,0.008475,0.006968,0.009302,0.01138,0.005615,0.00371,-0.013064,0.006266,-0.004191
USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-17_noUDG.SG,0.044391,-0.31583,0.118039,0.095608,-0.101865,-0.019243,-0.277078,-0.335524,-0.015135,-0.016037,-0.000974,0.004946,0.007879,0.017753,-0.014386,0.002121,0.009127,-0.00228,0.006034,0.003377,-0.001373,0.014591,-0.002095,0.002289,0.008263
USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-40_noUDG.SG,0.03187,-0.309736,0.117662,0.095608,-0.111405,-0.015618,-0.285538,-0.331371,-0.005931,-0.020775,0.00341,0.008542,-0.001487,0.013212,-0.005429,-0.000133,0.01004,-0.002914,0.00352,-0.009505,-0.001248,-0.000989,-0.005053,0.002289,-0.007784
USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-44_noUDG.SG,0.044391,-0.308721,0.119924,0.089794,-0.112021,-0.017012,-0.286243,-0.334832,-0.00859,-0.016401,-0.005034,-0.001349,0.004757,0.019955,-0.006922,-0.001326,0.004955,-0.000253,0.000503,0.001501,0.003619,0.003215,-0.005053,0.003494,0.003952
USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-48_noUDG.SG,0.046667,-0.310752,0.120679,0.105299,-0.106481,-0.017291,-0.287418,-0.340601,-0.010635,-0.022233,-0.005359,-0.001049,0.005203,0.012386,-0.010722,0.009812,0.004303,0.00114,-0.002263,0.001751,0.00287,0.006059,0.003944,0.000602,-0.005389
USA_San_Nicolas_L:SN-51,0.047806,-0.317861,0.130107,0.100776,-0.112329,-0.013945,-0.259687,-0.322371,-0.011249,-0.021868,0.01153,-0.002248,0.002379,0.010872,-0.0057,-0.006629,-0.007953,0.0019,0.007165,0.002876,-0.006489,-0.006554,0.001232,-0.000843,0.006706
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-52_noUDG.SG,0.044391,-0.312783,0.113513,0.098515,-0.107405,-0.003626,-0.283188,-0.323986,-0.001432,-0.009476,0.002273,-0.004046,-0.004014,0.014726,-0.006379,0.000928,-0.002347,-0.004941,0.001006,0.001626,-0.007487,-0.00136,-0.008134,0.013014,0.001557
USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-53_noUDG.SG,0.055773,-0.319892,0.122187,0.086241,-0.116945,-0.018965,-0.267207,-0.32191,-0.010431,-0.010205,-0.008119,-0.008093,0.008474,0.015551,-0.000679,0.009812,-0.005737,0.012542,0.003017,0.011631,-0.007487,-0.000989,0.001356,0.010242,0.003712
USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-54_noUDG.SG,0.054635,-0.309736,0.116153,0.10756,-0.114483,-0.020638,-0.283658,-0.341986,-0.014112,-0.014579,0,-0.003897,0.008176,0.001376,-0.011401,-0.001458,0.01343,0.004434,0.006788,-0.000875,0.016346,-0.005564,-0.000493,0.01205,-0.00012
USA_PA_Colonist.SG:US-14_noUDG.SG,0.133173,0.126941,0.065996,0.037145,0.036622,0.015897,-0.00188,0.006692,-0.001432,-0.002187,0.005034,0.00015,-0.021258,-0.012386,0.009229,0.007558,0.007302,-0.00228,0.002765,0.009254,-0.009234,0.009027,-0.001356,0.035788,-0.006466

#	Sample Name	G25 Coordinates
1	USA_AK_Athabskan.SG:523a_noUDG.SG	`0.050082,-0.34528,0.117285,0.052649,-0.114791,-0.0...`
2	USA_CA_SanFranciscoBay.SG:Ala1_noUDG.SG	`0.048944,-0.308721,0.114268,0.091086,-0.103404,-0....`
3	Mexico_Pericues.SG:B-03_noUDG.SG	`0.056912,-0.307705,0.113136,0.089148,-0.103712,-0....`
4	Canada_ASO.SG:CK-09_noUDG.SG	`0.054635,-0.321923,0.112382,0.066861,-0.101557,-0....`
5	Canada_ASO.SG:CK-13_noUDG.SG	`0.044391,-0.304659,0.109742,0.090117,-0.096941,-0....`
6	USA_CA_SanCruz_IslandChumash.SG:CR-01_noUDG.SG	`0.052359,-0.318876,0.115776,0.090117,-0.111405,-0....`
7	USA_CA_LSCI.SG:CT-01_noUDG.SG	`0.052359,-0.31583,0.11917,0.098192,-0.116637,-0.01...`
8	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-50_noUDG.SG	`0.046667,-0.321923,0.108611,0.094962,-0.113252,-0....`
9	USA_CA_Chumash_NewCuyama.SG:NC_noUDG.SG	`0.050082,-0.312783,0.11653,0.101745,-0.112944,-0.0...`
10	USA_CA_Chumash.SG:PS-06_noUDG.SG	`0.047806,-0.319892,0.118039,0.091409,-0.106481,-0....`
11	USA_CA_Chumash.SG:PS-07_noUDG.SG	`0.067156,-0.324969,0.117662,0.088502,-0.102173,-0....`
12	Canada_SW_Ontario_Huron-Wendat:RM-83	`0.052359,-0.30669,0.110119,0.095608,-0.095402,-0.0...`
13	USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-01_noUDG.SG	`0.045529,-0.314814,0.125581,0.089794,-0.115406,-0....`
14	USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-04_noUDG.SG	`0.059188,-0.312783,0.118416,0.084303,-0.111098,-0....`
15	USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-05_noUDG.SG	`0.050082,-0.310752,0.114268,0.096254,-0.109867,-0....`
16	USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-06_noUDG.SG	`0.055773,-0.30669,0.118793,0.090117,-0.120946,-0.0...`
17	USA_CA_LSCI.SG:SC-07_noUDG.SG	`0.037562,-0.317861,0.11389,0.098192,-0.112636,-0.0...`
18	USA_CA_SanMiguel_IslandChumash.SG:SM-02_noUDG.SG	`0.056912,-0.321923,0.116907,0.087533,-0.115098,-0....`
19	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-03_noUDG.SG	`0.063741,-0.303643,0.112759,0.092055,-0.11079,-0.0...`
20	USA_San_Nicolas_L:SN-10	`0.052359,-0.310752,0.110496,0.086887,-0.112329,-0....`
21	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-11_noUDG.SG	`0.045529,-0.313799,0.111251,0.093347,-0.107405,-0....`
22	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-13_noUDG.SG	`0.053497,-0.30669,0.117285,0.089471,-0.099095,-0.0...`
23	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-15_noUDG.SG	`0.05805,-0.296535,0.113136,0.103037,-0.112329,-0.0...`
24	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-16_noUDG.SG	`0.056912,-0.316845,0.105594,0.098838,-0.099711,-0....`
25	USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-17_noUDG.SG	`0.044391,-0.31583,0.118039,0.095608,-0.101865,-0.0...`
26	USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-40_noUDG.SG	`0.03187,-0.309736,0.117662,0.095608,-0.111405,-0.0...`
27	USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-44_noUDG.SG	`0.044391,-0.308721,0.119924,0.089794,-0.112021,-0....`
28	USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-48_noUDG.SG	`0.046667,-0.310752,0.120679,0.105299,-0.106481,-0....`
29	USA_San_Nicolas_L:SN-51	`0.047806,-0.317861,0.130107,0.100776,-0.112329,-0....`
30	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-52_noUDG.SG	`0.044391,-0.312783,0.113513,0.098515,-0.107405,-0....`
31	USA_CA_Late_SanNicolas.SG:SN-53_noUDG.SG	`0.055773,-0.319892,0.122187,0.086241,-0.116945,-0....`
32	USA_CA_Early_SanNicolas.SG:SN-54_noUDG.SG	`0.054635,-0.309736,0.116153,0.10756,-0.114483,-0.0...`
33	USA_PA_Colonist.SG:US-14_noUDG.SG	`0.133173,0.126941,0.065996,0.037145,0.036622,0.015...`

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Ancient human parallel lineages within North America contributed to a coastal expansion

Study Information

Abstract

G25 Coordinates 33 samples

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