For centuries, the Scythians ruled the vast Eurasian steppe from the Black Sea to the Altai Mountains. Described by Herodotus as fierce and mobile horsemen, they left behind kurgans—impressive burial mounds filled with weapons, gold, and sometimes mummified bodies. But who were the Scythians, genetically speaking? Where did they come from? And were they as homogeneous as classical authors imagined?

Thanks to ancient DNA research, their genetic story is now unfolding—and it reveals a dynamic, diverse, and mobile people shaped by multiple waves of migration across the steppes.

Genetic Clues from Three Key Studies

  • Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021 (Science Advances): Showed that Iron Age individuals from Kyrgyzstan (Alay Valley) carry mixed Steppe and Iranian-related ancestry.
    Read the study
  • Matisoo-Smith et al. 2022 (Preprint): Focused on western Kazakhstan, revealing blends of Steppe, BMAC, and East Asian ancestry.
    Read the study
  • Unterländer et al. 2019 (Current Biology): Demonstrated that Eastern and Western Scythians had different genetic backgrounds.
    Read the study

A Mosaic of Origins

The term Scythian covered a wide range of Iron Age steppe cultures. Genetically, they descend primarily from Bronze Age Steppe herders, like the Yamnaya and Andronovo, but also show significant regional admixture. Western Scythians near Ukraine carry more European Neolithic ancestry, while eastern groups (e.g., Saka, Sarmatians, Tashtyk) reflect increasing Iranian and East Asian influence.

 

Genetic Comparison: East vs. West

To illustrate the diversity among these groups, we compared the genome-wide data (G25 coordinates) of five representative individuals:

Sample ID Culture Region Approx. Date Cosine Distance to KE9609
(Eastern Tashtyk)
KE9609 Tashtyk South Siberia ~200 CE 0.000
LC8544 Tashtyk South Siberia ~200 CE 0.023
MJ-09 Catacomb Ukraine ~2500 BCE 0.201
MJ-12 Cimmerian Ukraine ~800 BCE 0.577
MJ-13 Western Scythian Ukraine ~600 BCE 0.322

As the distance values show, KE9609 and LC8544 are genetically very close—both belong to the Siberian Tashtyk horizon. In contrast, Western Scythians like MJ-13 are more distant, and Cimmerians like MJ-12 are even more distinct, despite sharing similar nomadic lifeways.

The Scythian Legacy

Rather than being a single people, the Scythians represent a **cultural network** of horse-riding elites who dominated the steppe through trade, mobility, and warfare. Their genetic diversity tells the story of migrations, local integration, and continental-scale contact zones between Europe and Asia.

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Kazakhstan_Berel_IA:BRE006,0.078538,-0.131003,0.044123,0.044251,-0.053548,0.006972,0.00423,0.012461,-0.022293,-0.024966,-0.009743,-0.002698,-0.004757,-0.031103,0.014251,-0.005569,-0.005346,0.001394,0.00176,0.002251,-0.030821,0.010016,-0.001602,0.000361,-0.005149
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA_o2:BRE007,0.062603,-0.248805,0.060716,0.006137,-0.045239,-0.01255,0.00376,0.000231,-0.01268,-0.001458,-0.01494,-0.001349,0.004608,-0.010459,0.005565,0.007292,-0.000261,0.00038,0.008422,0.017383,-0.023583,0.011871,-0.019966,-0.001446,-0.003233
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA_o3:BRE008,0.037562,-0.390979,0.082212,-0.020349,-0.076014,-0.046575,0.020916,0.026999,0.003272,0.016583,-0.0177,0.001199,-0.003568,-0.000688,0.000543,-0.002652,-0.001825,-0.001647,-0.002011,0.006128,-0.026204,0.006554,-0.017131,-0.005543,0.005149
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA:BRE009,0.086506,-0.098506,0.064865,0.055879,-0.041238,-0.000558,-0.00235,0.000692,-0.016157,-0.024237,-0.010718,-0.002698,0.002081,-0.033855,0.016422,0.001326,-0.010431,-0.007475,0.004902,0.006378,-0.031195,0,0.006902,0.002048,-0.002515
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA:BRE010,0.094473,-0.116786,0.050157,0.04199,-0.048624,-0.005299,0.009165,0.006231,-0.01493,-0.016948,-0.007632,-0.001199,-0.006838,-0.021882,0.012486,0.009281,-0.013299,0.001267,0.00176,0.005002,-0.015972,0.000371,-0.0053,0.001084,-0.000359
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA:BRE011,0.064879,-0.173656,0.062979,0.033269,-0.05201,-0.008646,0.00517,0.012923,-0.010431,-0.02041,-0.016239,0.00045,0.00773,-0.017478,0.014658,-0.005038,-0.01708,-0.001014,0.00352,-0.001501,-0.01722,0.003091,-0.012448,-0.000482,0.007305
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA:BRE012,0.087644,-0.088351,0.060339,0.055233,-0.054164,0.006972,-0.00329,-0.003923,-0.014317,-0.034443,-0.008282,0.000749,0.002973,-0.027249,0.008143,0.002784,-0.01343,-0.00266,0.006536,0.006378,-0.030321,-0.00136,0.003451,-0.007471,-0.005628
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA:BRE013,0.085367,-0.117801,0.053551,0.051034,-0.052933,0.001116,0.00376,0.002308,-0.016566,-0.031709,-0.002761,-0.001798,0.009663,-0.025735,0.015744,0.008486,0.002477,0.005574,-0.000126,0.007504,-0.017844,0.000866,-0.002711,-0.005181,0.001557
Kazakhstan_Berel_IA_o3:BRE014,0.042115,-0.359497,0.064865,-0.021641,-0.048009,-0.028726,0.018096,0.018922,0.005727,0.00328,-0.036375,-0.004196,-0.004162,-0.015827,-0.003257,0.002121,-0.000782,-0.001267,0.003142,0.016008,-0.015473,0,-0.016885,-0.000602,0.000479
Kazakhstan_Sargat_IA:BRV001,0.091058,-0.027419,0.059962,0.065892,-0.041546,0.002789,0.00047,-0.005769,-0.015135,-0.031162,0.00406,-0.005395,-0.001933,-0.026011,0.007057,0.001061,-0.009257,0.000127,-0.000126,-0.01038,-0.005989,0.003462,0.001479,0.005784,-0.009819
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:BSB001,0.120652,0.046714,0.036581,0.070737,-0.016926,0.026774,0.00517,-0.003923,-0.022702,-0.028976,0.003573,0.002548,-0.003122,-0.018166,0.024294,0.011138,-0.007953,0.007728,0.01169,-0.000625,-0.002371,-0.006183,0.00456,0.008314,-0.001078
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:BSB002,0.102441,0.05687,0.040729,0.062985,-0.026159,0.032351,0.00141,0.000692,-0.020452,-0.035718,-0.000162,0.003447,0.000446,-0.027525,0.020629,0.015248,0.003129,0.000633,0.004274,0.006878,-0.001373,-0.000989,-0.002958,0.006025,-0.002155
Kazakhstan_Bisoba_Sarmatian:BSB003,0.114961,0.033512,0.035072,0.061047,-0.025851,0.022869,0.007285,0.003,-0.023725,-0.028247,0.00406,0.005545,-0.004608,-0.022708,0.015472,0.027181,0.007171,-0.004941,0.00993,0.006128,0.004243,0.009398,0.005916,0.00012,-0.003592
Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA:CHK003,0.087644,-0.05687,0.031678,0.042636,-0.042162,0.00753,0.004465,-0.001615,-0.02986,-0.015855,-0.008607,0.000599,0,-0.020919,0.011265,0.019358,0.007302,0.005701,0.011187,0.00025,-0.016346,0.006183,0.008134,0.010965,0.002395
Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA_o:CHK004,0.060326,-0.118817,0.011691,0.001615,-0.044008,-0.000558,0.012221,0.006692,-0.019839,-0.016037,-0.013803,-0.002548,0.005352,-0.017891,0.016151,0.012198,-0.003912,0.000633,-0.005656,-0.002751,-0.006738,-0.007914,0.00456,-0.00241,0.000718
Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA:CHK005,0.091058,-0.03859,0.038089,0.053618,-0.045855,0.014223,0.001175,0.002769,-0.018612,-0.028064,-0.012017,0.000899,-0.000446,-0.018992,0.015879,0.012463,0.003912,0.005194,-0.000377,-0.006878,-0.012728,0.001237,0.003328,0.009037,-0.010179
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:CLK001,0.097888,0.054839,0.037712,0.076551,-0.029236,0.020359,0.0047,-0.010846,-0.02986,-0.045559,0.012342,0.005245,0.001338,-0.022708,0.0076,0.023866,-0.011735,-0.009502,0.009553,-0.007253,-0.013102,-0.008408,-0.011955,0.010845,-0.006466
Kazakhstan_Saka_IA:CSP002,0.081953,-0.098506,0.059208,0.05814,-0.036314,0.00502,-0.00376,-0.000923,-0.011044,-0.006925,-0.013803,0.007343,-0.000446,-0.023258,0.020358,0.008618,0.005998,-0.012669,-0.001257,0.011005,-0.016097,-0.005441,0.001109,-0.006386,-0.001317
Kazakhstan_Saka_IA:CSP002,0.081953,-0.098506,0.059208,0.05814,-0.036314,0.00502,-0.00376,-0.000923,-0.011044,-0.006925,-0.013803,0.007343,-0.000446,-0.023258,0.020358,0.008618,0.005998,-0.012669,-0.001257,0.011005,-0.016097,-0.005441,0.001109,-0.006386,-0.001317
Kazakhstan_Saka_IA:CSP003,0.097888,-0.013202,0.038466,0.053618,-0.032621,0.023985,0.0047,0.001615,-0.018407,-0.030251,-0.002761,-0.007643,0.009366,-0.019818,0.017101,0.006629,-0.014212,-0.003041,0.004902,0.001876,-0.013851,0.005193,-0.00493,-0.000602,-0.002275
Kazakhstan_Saka_IA:CSP004,0.079676,-0.135065,0.062225,0.041021,-0.045547,0.01255,0.004465,0.001385,-0.005727,-0.023144,0.000325,-0.000599,0.006392,-0.026836,0.013708,0.001989,-0.010691,0.004687,0.001634,0.002001,-0.014724,-0.002597,-0.008134,0.002169,-0.003592
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_Saka_IA:ESZ001,0.092197,-0.106631,0.063733,0.056202,-0.040315,0.010319,0.00141,-0.004384,-0.015544,-0.024237,-0.01494,-0.002548,-0.002973,-0.022983,0.013029,0.006762,-0.001695,0.000633,-0.002388,0.011005,-0.016097,0.011623,-0.006655,0.009881,0.008263
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_Saka_IA:ESZ002,0.093335,-0.022342,0.030547,0.055556,-0.043085,0.017012,0.00423,-0.000923,-0.018612,-0.033349,-0.007307,-0.003297,-0.001041,-0.022432,0.024022,0.01485,-0.006389,0.00266,0.002514,0.002001,-0.0141,0.00272,0.003451,0.005784,-0.003952
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_IA:ESZ003,0.087644,-0.117801,0.058454,0.055556,-0.044624,0.010598,0,-0.003231,-0.014726,-0.021868,-0.012179,-0.004646,-0.006987,-0.026011,0.006515,0.014585,0.001695,-0.001267,0.004399,0.006628,-0.014599,-0.000742,-0.003944,-0.003494,0.00467
Hungary_Hun_Elite_IA:HUN001,0.047806,-0.294504,0.048649,-0.006783,-0.056626,-0.020917,0.00564,0.018692,0.008795,-0.000182,-0.030367,0.004346,0.011744,-0.006055,0.005836,0.020286,0.007432,-0.003041,0.004399,0.016383,-0.018717,0.016199,0.002095,0.011327,-0.002275
Kazakhstan_Birlik_Tasmola_EIA:BIR013,0.034147,-0.372699,0.065619,-0.023256,-0.05601,-0.03765,0.016921,0.019615,0.010022,0.005832,-0.029879,-0.003747,0.001338,-0.005643,-0.003122,-0.003713,0.003912,0.002154,0.000754,0.015007,-0.022585,-0.009274,-0.016022,0.001446,0.001197
Kazakhstan_Birlik_IA:BIR010,0.052359,-0.295519,0.069767,0.005491,-0.072629,-0.031236,0.016216,0.020076,-0.000409,-0.006196,-0.021922,-0.0003,0.003122,-0.013349,0.004614,-0.005569,-0.012517,0.002027,0.007165,0.012006,-0.017344,0.003091,-0.01023,-0.004338,-0.002754
Kazakhstan_Korgantas_IA:KBO001,0.043253,-0.386917,0.088623,-0.015181,-0.077245,-0.04769,0.007285,0.02723,0.010022,0.006196,-0.018837,0.000899,-0.006392,0.000826,-0.000271,0.002254,-0.004433,-0.003674,0.001508,0.011631,-0.021712,0.001484,-0.01479,-0.003856,0.000958
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:KBU001,0.099026,0.051792,0.042992,0.072352,-0.025543,0.016733,0.012221,0.001846,-0.028838,-0.032074,0.009906,0.008393,-0.001189,-0.030277,0.013572,0.009016,-0.003651,0.00038,-0.010433,-0.008754,-0.001622,0.006677,0.013311,0.004338,-0.013771
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:KBU002,0.111547,0.048745,0.027153,0.073967,-0.031698,0.017849,0.00423,-0.005307,-0.024543,-0.048475,0.001299,-0.011989,0.016353,-0.022983,0.029587,0.030761,0.004303,-0.021917,0.001006,0.008004,-0.005865,0.00272,0.002588,0.012773,0.008502
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:KBU003,0.10927,0.041637,0.026776,0.073967,-0.024312,0.023985,-0.00658,0.001154,-0.019225,-0.032985,0.001949,-0.006444,0.001041,-0.007982,0.029587,0.010342,-0.008475,-0.006208,-0.004274,-0.004377,-0.013476,0.004451,-0.000123,0.005061,-0.002874
Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA:KEN001,0.095611,-0.022342,0.022627,0.050065,-0.041546,0.014223,0.00047,0.003231,-0.02352,-0.028429,-0.008282,0.00045,0.006392,-0.01968,0.023072,0.009546,-0.007432,-0.004814,-0.005782,0,-0.007237,-0.000247,-0.000739,0.003253,0.002874
Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA:KEN002,0.086506,-0.036559,0.02753,0.05814,-0.040315,-0.001394,-0.00752,0.005307,-0.02168,-0.03426,-0.002436,0.00015,0.001933,-0.007569,0.023887,0.010209,-0.008475,0.004181,0.003645,-0.000625,-0.007487,0.002597,0.002711,-0.00012,-0.000359
Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA:KEN003,0.099026,-0.025388,0.028284,0.05814,-0.025851,0.021753,0.00329,-0.007846,-0.02168,-0.036447,-0.010068,-0.011989,0.012042,-0.016239,0.031623,0.004906,-0.01708,0.004181,-0.003897,0.000875,-0.016845,-0.002968,-0.002835,-0.004338,-0.004071
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_Turk_IA:KKB001,0.066017,-0.168578,0.049403,0.022287,-0.047086,-0.006972,0.005405,0.005769,-0.007772,-0.009841,-0.01494,-0.005245,0.000149,-0.016102,0.010043,0.012198,0.005215,0.002407,0.003771,0.005878,-0.013601,-0.001113,-0.008134,0.001566,0.001437
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_Turk_IA:KKB002,0.079676,-0.175687,0.060339,0.013243,-0.050471,-0.011156,0.000705,0.004154,-0.01268,-0.005103,-0.013153,-0.00045,-0.003122,-0.017478,0.007872,0.010475,0.007041,0.002534,0.001885,0.010255,-0.022585,0.009274,-0.00912,0.010122,-0.005269
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KKM001,0.084229,-0.113739,0.057699,0.049096,-0.033852,-0.001673,-0.00188,0.003231,-0.006136,-0.012028,-0.01153,0.004946,0.009514,-0.025323,0.014386,0.010607,-0.00665,0.006081,-0.002263,0.005002,-0.011605,0.00272,0.001109,0.001928,-0.000359
Kazakhstan_Kayalyk_Medieval:KLK002,0.035285,-0.385901,0.090509,-0.018734,-0.07663,-0.050479,0.022561,0.021922,0.00225,0.017312,-0.029879,0.003447,-0.000743,0.005367,0.011401,0.001591,-0.01004,-0.00038,0.013073,0.027763,-0.023334,-0.017682,-0.033647,0.001325,-0.002275
Kazakhstan_OtrarCulture_LIA:KNT001,0.09675,0.063978,-0.013199,0.0323,-0.036314,0.016455,0.002585,-0.003923,-0.033542,-0.029887,-0.005846,-0.005695,0.011447,-0.023121,0.018458,0.023866,0.004824,-0.002534,-0.001508,0.000375,0.002745,-0.002102,-0.004067,0.010724,0.002874
Kazakhstan_OtrarCulture_LIA:KNT002,0.10927,0.060932,0.009805,0.048127,-0.028621,0.023148,0.00517,-0.007615,-0.024952,-0.031345,0.006983,-0.003897,-0.002825,-0.013625,0.019001,0.015248,-0.01004,-0.001774,0.002765,-0.005503,-0.017344,-0.002102,-0.000493,0.002048,0.001557
Kazakhstan_OtrarCulture_LIA:KNT003,0.100164,0.059916,-0.006411,0.038437,-0.035391,0.018965,-0.00047,-0.014769,-0.037019,-0.028793,-0.000974,-0.001948,0.005946,-0.024772,0.020629,0.022142,-0.000261,-0.007348,-0.004651,-0.002501,-0.006114,-0.005317,-0.002342,-0.006989,0.004311
Kazakhstan_OtrarCulture_LIA_o:KNT004,0.067156,-0.136081,0.000754,-0.020026,-0.039392,-0.006136,0.012456,0.012692,-0.01084,-0.00328,-0.015265,-0.005995,0.007582,-0.004542,0.001493,0.005171,-0.006519,-0.000633,0.003771,-0.004002,-0.011605,-0.004451,-0.003204,-0.004579,-0.00012
Kazakhstan_OtrarCulture_LIA_o:KNT005,0.084229,0.071087,-0.072407,0.04199,-0.066782,0.026774,0.006815,0.002538,-0.027611,-0.024055,-0.003085,-0.004496,-0.001338,-0.007569,0.0076,0.017369,-0.007171,0.00076,0.005405,-0.02101,-0.00262,0.000247,0.003328,-0.003615,0.006826
Kazakhstan_Hun_Elite_LIA:KRY001,0.056912,-0.30669,0.069767,-0.011305,-0.05878,-0.018965,-0.000235,0.001615,0.00634,-0.005467,-0.031503,-0.008692,-0.003419,0.001101,0.008143,-0.004508,-0.008475,-0.003167,-0.000754,0.014382,-0.028699,0.001113,-0.008134,0.00253,0.005029
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KSH001,0.080814,-0.119832,0.060716,0.046189,-0.046162,0.001952,0.00188,-0.008077,-0.014317,-0.025878,-0.01153,-0.002248,0.002081,-0.023946,0.015879,0.012463,0.004433,0.003927,-0.003142,0.004752,-0.024582,0.004204,0.00456,0.002771,-0.002754
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KSH002,0.083091,-0.112724,0.058077,0.046835,-0.038161,0.011435,0.008225,0.006692,-0.011044,-0.020957,-0.012342,-0.005245,0.0055,-0.014175,0.007193,0.003447,-0.001173,-0.003927,-0.003645,0.005503,-0.01697,0.004575,0.00037,0.00241,0.005868
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_IA:KSH003,0.084229,-0.11577,0.05506,0.039083,-0.048932,0.00502,-0.00235,-0.001154,-0.013703,-0.016037,-0.01429,-0.010191,0.007582,-0.026974,0.017372,0.008884,0.003781,-0.00266,-0.00088,0.01013,-0.01672,0.001978,-0.001849,0.002651,0.002634
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KSH004,0.0774,-0.153345,0.055437,0.033915,-0.045239,0.00251,0.00282,0.000462,0.000614,-0.017859,-0.011367,-0.004946,0.002081,-0.016928,0.009365,0.009812,0.010952,-0.00038,-0.004651,0.004752,-0.017344,0.003215,-0.008751,0.002048,-0.006945
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA_o1:KSK002,0.10927,0.073118,0.038843,0.066538,-0.011387,0.029562,0.002585,0.006461,-0.022907,-0.028429,-0.008607,0.005845,0.003568,-0.015551,0.032844,0.007292,-0.032857,0.010135,0.008045,-0.005753,-0.011729,0.004946,0.002958,-0.002892,0.000359
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KYZ001,0.079676,-0.120848,0.058077,0.047481,-0.035699,-0.002789,0.00047,0.002769,-0.013908,-0.019499,-0.003085,-0.003597,0,-0.018992,0.013979,0.01127,0.00326,-0.006334,-0.005908,0.005878,-0.021213,0.005935,-0.007272,0.007471,-0.000239
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KYZ002,0.076261,-0.152329,0.062225,0.042636,-0.040623,-0.001952,0.003525,0.003923,-0.010226,-0.01549,-0.019974,-0.002847,0.008176,-0.017065,0.004614,-0.002519,-0.016037,-0.004434,-0.00817,0.003752,-0.021961,0.009892,-0.004067,-0.003133,-0.000718
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:KZL001,0.093335,-0.093429,0.059208,0.054587,-0.041238,0.017849,0.00188,-0.005307,-0.017794,-0.031162,-0.005521,-0.001349,-0.003717,-0.01913,0.024837,-0.002121,-0.016689,0.00152,0.000251,0.001751,-0.01148,0.006059,-0.002218,0.001928,-0.000838
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_LBA:KZL004,0.120652,0.105615,0.062602,0.08398,0,0.038766,0.00658,0.000923,-0.013703,-0.034989,-0.000487,0.000599,-0.000595,-0.02257,0.019272,0.014585,-0.008084,-0.004814,-0.005405,0.002126,0.002371,-0.001484,0.002711,-0.001084,-0.001317
Kazakhstan_TurkicPossible_EIA:MMR001,0.069432,-0.189904,0.032809,0.007106,-0.044008,-0.004183,0.006815,0.01823,-0.011862,-0.010023,-0.021273,-0.002698,0.003271,-0.009358,0.007872,-0.003447,-0.012256,-0.003801,0.00176,0.002126,-0.012478,0.000371,0.005793,-0.005302,-0.010777
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_IA:NUR002,0.084229,-0.148267,0.069013,0.047481,-0.03416,0.007251,0.00094,-0.006,-0.010226,-0.022415,-0.009906,-0.003447,0.004014,-0.01445,0.013436,-0.003845,-0.013951,-0.00152,-0.004777,0.002876,-0.020464,0.00136,-0.003451,-0.002651,-0.010179
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA_o2:SBL001,0.081953,-0.128972,0.055814,0.043605,-0.036007,0.010319,0.0047,0.003461,-0.011249,-0.024784,-0.009906,0.003297,0.002973,-0.020919,0.016694,0.007558,0,0.012415,0.007416,0.012756,-0.02009,-0.000371,-0.003451,0.01928,0.000599
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:SGZ001,0.114961,0.045699,0.035072,0.063954,-0.025235,0.020359,0.000235,0.002077,-0.023725,-0.038087,-0.005684,0.002997,-0.003122,-0.028213,0.02633,0.019225,0.009909,-0.002787,-0.000503,0.001876,-0.010357,0.005935,0.003081,0.021087,-0.010538
Kazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA:SGZ002,0.106994,0.04773,0.03017,0.07106,-0.032621,0.028726,0.001645,0.000923,-0.024747,-0.038816,-0.005521,0.003147,-0.001041,-0.005505,0.025651,-0.000133,-0.023991,0.003674,0.000251,-0.003001,-0.012104,0.005935,0.002958,0.001446,0.002634
Russia_EIA_Sargatka_IA:SHD001,0.095611,-0.067025,0.068259,0.058786,-0.047393,-0.00251,0.00846,0.003923,-0.010226,-0.028064,0.012666,-0.006744,0.009366,-0.031378,0.007736,-0.00305,-0.012647,-0.001774,-0.005154,-0.001751,-0.013975,0.01051,-0.001356,-0.005422,0.011616
Russia_EIA_Sargatka_IA:SMV001,0.087644,-0.102568,0.073161,0.055879,-0.056318,-0.009482,-0.001645,-0.002308,-0.018203,-0.036265,0.018999,-0.006894,0,-0.041837,-0.000271,0.004906,0.000652,0.003294,-0.003394,-0.002876,-0.004243,0.013231,0.006902,0.010845,-0.005269
Russia_EIA_Sargatka_IA:SMV002,0.093335,-0.06804,0.055814,0.059755,-0.053856,0.003347,0.004465,0.006923,-0.014726,-0.027335,0.009743,0.001199,0.00892,-0.032892,-0.000136,0.01074,0.000261,0.001014,-0.003645,-0.008129,-0.003119,0.009645,0.004314,0.004579,-0.000838
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:SRK001,0.0774,-0.15436,0.056191,0.034561,-0.035699,-0.00753,0.006345,0.008538,-0.009408,-0.008201,-0.013641,-0.003897,-0.002973,-0.020781,0.013301,0.009414,0.000782,-0.003294,0.003645,0.004252,-0.015223,0.002844,-0.000123,-0.003856,0.003233
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:TAL003,0.088782,-0.090382,0.064865,0.054587,-0.039084,0.008088,-0.001645,-0.007384,-0.014521,-0.022597,-0.009906,-0.005095,0.008474,-0.016652,0.020901,0.023071,0.004172,0.001394,0.000628,0.007003,-0.01984,0.005935,0.00037,0.006266,0.000599
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_IA:TAL004,0.08992,-0.109677,0.058077,0.053941,-0.042469,0.004183,-0.000235,0.001385,-0.010431,-0.027335,-0.007307,0.001349,0.006987,-0.024359,0.014658,0.010872,-0.002608,0.004054,-0.005782,0.009129,-0.011979,0.005935,0.001849,-0.003374,0.002994
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:TAL005,0.091058,-0.107646,0.056568,0.04522,-0.024312,0.015618,-0.002585,0.003923,-0.017385,-0.013485,-0.013478,0.00015,0.008028,-0.026836,0.011672,0.003978,0.000391,-0.005574,-0.002263,0.004877,-0.019715,0.005564,0.003944,-0.003856,0.002155
Kazakhstan_Tasmola_EIA:WAR001,0.087644,-0.101553,0.049026,0.052003,-0.047086,-0.002789,0.00705,-0.003461,-0.011658,-0.031162,-0.010393,-0.003147,0.001635,-0.018579,0.022122,0.009679,-0.009648,-0.003294,-0.003897,-0.003627,-0.01697,0.00507,0.003451,0.003374,-0.004311

References