🏺 Berel
East Kazakhstan Region, Katonkaragay District · Kazakhstan
28 ancient DNA individuals excavated at Berel, Kazakhstan, dated between 350 BC and 335 AD. Y-DNA haplogroups found on site include Q1a2a1a4a, Q1b1a3b1a, R1a1a1, Q1b1a3a. Explore each individual's haplogroups, radiocarbon dates and ancestral composition.
28
Individuals
350 BC
Earliest
335 AD
Latest
6
Studies
Average ancestral composition (28 individuals, non-zero components only)
East Asian
53.8%
Steppe
31.0%
ANF
6.4%
CHG/Iran N
3.9%
EHG
2.4%
Native American
1.9%
Iberomaurusian
1.5%
Natufian
1.5%
WHG
1.4%
Sub-Saharan
0.7%
ANE
0.6%
AASI
0.4%
Individuals excavated at this site (sorted chronologically)
| Sample ID | Label | Date | Sex | Y-DNA | mtDNA | Culture | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I0562 | Scythian_Saka | 350 BC | F | R1b1a1a | A4f; C4a1a+195 | KlunkAmJPhysAnthropol2019; UnterlanderNatureCommunications2017; UnterlaenderNatCommun2017; UnterländerBurgerNatComm2017 | |
| I0563 | Scythian_Saka | 350 BC | M | R1a1a1b2a2a3c | C4a1+16129 | UnterlanderNatureCommunications2017; UnterlaenderNatCommun2017; UnterländerBurgerNatComm2017 | |
| BRE001 | Scythian_Saka | 274 BC | F | H7b | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE002 | Scythian_oEastAsian | 273 BC | M | Q1b1a3a | D4m2 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | |
| BRE010 | Scythian_Saka | 150 BC | F | J1b1a1e | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE005 | Scythian_Saka | 45 AD | M | Q1b1a3b1a | J2b1a2a | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | |
| BRE003 | Scythian_Saka | 50 AD | F | B5b2a | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE009 | Scythian_Saka | 50 AD | F | B5b2a2 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE012 | Scythian_Saka | 50 AD | F | A8a1 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE013 | Scythian_Saka | 234 AD | M | Q1b1a3b1a | D4j8 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | |
| BRE017 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | U5a1d2b | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE018 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | M | Q1b1a3b1 | C4a1a4 | Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2025; Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |
| BRE019 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | C4a1a+195 | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE020 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | M | Q1a2a1 | H7b | Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2025; Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |
| BRE021 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | B4b1a3a | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE022 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | A8a | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE023 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | D4j+(16286) | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE024 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | R1a1a1 | U1a1a1 | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | ||
| BRE025 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | U5a1d2b | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE026 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | R1a1a1 | H7b | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | ||
| BRE030 | Scythian_Saka_oEastAsian | 250 AD | F1b1b | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | |||
| BRE031 | Scythian_Saka | 250 AD | P1 or K2b2a | C4a1a3 | Gnecchi-RusconeHofmanováPNAS2025 | ||
| BRE007 | Scythian_Saka | 283 AD | F | C4 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE006 | Scythian_Saka | 300 AD | F | U1b2 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE014 | Scythian_Saka_oEastAsian | 320 AD | M | R1a1a1b2a2a3c2 | A | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | |
| BRE008 | Scythian_Saka_oEastAsian | 321 AD | F | F1b1f | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | ||
| BRE004 | Scythian_Saka | 323 AD | M | Q1a2a1a4a | A | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 | |
| BRE011 | Scythian_Saka | 335 AD | M | Q1a2a1a4a | W3a1 | GnecchiRusconeScienceAdvances2021; GnecchiRusconeSciAdv2021; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al. 2021; Gnecchi-RusconeKrauseSciAdv2021 |