Large-Scale Isotopic Data Reveal Gendered Migration into Early Medieval England c ad 400–1100

Abstract

THIS STUDY PRESENTS THE RESULTS of a large-scale isotopic meta-analysis of early medieval England which reveals migration patterns from c ad 400–1100. These patterns are gendered, regionally distinctive and fluctuate chronologically. Contrary to traditional narratives of discrete migratory events, the data show continuous movement, with significant activity in the 7th and 8th centuries. Male migrants appear more prominent, although there is notable female mobility. Palaeoclimate fluctuations are also reflected in the human tooth enamel record such as the Late Antique Little Ice Age. Wide-ranging migration from north-western Europe and other regions, possibly including the Mediterranean, contributed to complex identity formation and adaptive cultural practices. Comparisons with recent aDNA data lay the groundwork for future high-resolution studies to integrate ancestry and mobility data in a constructive manner. These results underscore the need to move away from ethnic classifications, offering a more nuanced understanding of identity and migration during this period.