A response to the article: “Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no levantine ancestors”

Study Information

Year 2025

Territory Levant

Abstract

This paper critically responds to the *Nature* (2025) article on Punic genetic ancestry, based on ancient DNA from sites like Motya and Carthage. While the genetic analysis is technically robust, its historical conclusions are undermined by major methodological flaws. The dataset focuses on individuals post-600 BC, excluding earlier Phoenician phases due to cremation, which prevents DNA recovery. As a result, Levantine ancestry is likely underrepresented. The small sample size – about 200 individuals – is negligible compared to the vast Punic population. Furthermore, the idea of a uniform “Phoenician DNA” is flawed, as Levantine populations were genetically mixed during both the Bronze and Iron Ages. The article’s claim of minimal Levantine ancestry is therefore misleading.

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G25 Coordinates 113 samples

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Tunisia_Punic:I35325,0.101303,0.171624,-0.007542,-0.073967,0.031390,-0.035698,-0.010105,-0.008538,0.029247,0.055946,0.011205,0.014537,-0.017988,-0.010872,-0.017101,-0.004641,-0.007302,0.003927,0.009679,-0.006753,-0.006863,0.017559,-0.003697,0.006507,-0.009340
Italy_Sicily_Roman:I7265,0.099026,0.133034,-0.037712,-0.062016,-0.023697,-0.019243,-0.011281,0.006692,-0.009817,0.005285,0.005359,0.003297,0.001189,-0.006193,-0.002036,0.012198,0.001825,-0.006081,-0.004651,0.000500,0.003743,0.015828,0.005300,-0.014339,0.002395
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I7261,0.069432,0.155376,0.000377,-0.063631,0.057549,-0.030678,-0.009400,0.002538,0.022293,0.040274,0.010068,0.008542,0.006392,-0.011560,-0.004343,0.004906,0.010822,-0.015836,-0.017723,0.011255,-0.016970,-0.021021,0.003574,0.002410,-0.000479
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I4800,0.091058,0.149283,0.004148,-0.062016,0.024004,-0.030678,-0.012456,-0.003231,0.029042,0.026242,0.010555,0.005395,-0.006541,-0.002477,-0.000679,-0.015911,-0.004563,-0.000507,-0.017598,-0.009505,-0.010482,-0.018672,0.003328,-0.014701,0.001437
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I4798,0.108132,0.152329,-0.011691,-0.070091,0.025851,-0.034304,-0.005170,-0.011076,0.009817,0.037176,0.012829,0.003897,-0.000297,-0.008533,-0.012079,-0.020021,0.006910,-0.017610,-0.002388,0.001251,-0.005366,-0.000247,0.008504,-0.005784,0.001078
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Italy_Sicily_MBA:I22241,0.113823,0.178733,0.011691,-0.061693,0.054164,-0.027610,0.007755,-0.003000,0.025156,0.075081,0.007632,0.015586,-0.022596,0.003853,-0.010858,-0.001326,0.007562,-0.002787,0.003394,-0.002626,0.005865,0.006430,-0.014050,0.000241,0.000000
Israel_Phoenician:I22254,0.068294,0.152329,-0.073161,-0.116281,-0.012925,-0.037092,0.000705,0.003692,0.020043,0.014397,0.004872,-0.012739,0.026164,0.004954,0.001086,0.002387,-0.006910,0.005068,0.001257,-0.002001,-0.009234,0.006554,-0.009983,0.002410,0.017124
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I21195,0.109270,0.160454,0.007542,-0.029716,0.014156,-0.015618,-0.003995,-0.003692,0.015135,0.038634,0.000000,0.006145,-0.027205,-0.001789,-0.009908,-0.002917,0.003912,-0.008235,-0.012821,0.002376,-0.002121,0.004699,-0.002835,0.000482,-0.007305
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22095,0.109270,0.151314,0.001508,-0.059432,0.039084,-0.018128,-0.003760,-0.000692,0.031088,0.042825,0.009581,0.000000,0.000892,-0.001376,-0.013301,0.007955,0.005607,0.000253,-0.005279,0.004377,-0.001248,0.000247,-0.002095,0.003374,-0.009700
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22096,0.116100,0.156392,0.042992,-0.016796,0.036622,-0.014781,-0.019036,-0.015692,0.023520,0.066516,-0.005846,0.010641,-0.013974,-0.018579,0.003664,0.017634,0.007302,0.008488,-0.009176,0.000500,0.001747,0.005070,-0.013680,-0.003735,-0.001317
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Roman_oNAfrica:I22113,0.009106,0.135065,-0.007542,-0.067184,0.024004,-0.035977,-0.019741,-0.003692,0.069538,0.047746,0.015752,-0.019782,0.010555,-0.020231,0.013843,-0.010209,-0.012256,-0.023944,-0.036578,-0.002876,-0.013975,-0.029306,0.025512,-0.001807,0.001796
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22115,0.114961,0.155376,0.026776,-0.036499,0.038776,-0.007251,0.003760,0.002077,0.022702,0.037905,-0.009419,0.009142,-0.007879,-0.015276,-0.004614,0.021214,0.015907,0.008742,0.017346,0.000625,0.000624,-0.007543,-0.017994,-0.007953,0.001197
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22117,0.080814,0.148267,-0.004903,-0.057494,0.008617,-0.029284,0.003055,0.004154,0.029656,0.028976,-0.001624,0.000000,-0.004608,-0.002202,-0.013165,0.005967,0.019818,0.000253,-0.000628,0.009129,-0.002496,0.004822,0.000863,-0.005422,-0.004550
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I12848,0.112685,0.163500,0.007920,-0.056202,0.018773,-0.011992,-0.008460,-0.010384,0.017794,0.046470,-0.006496,0.003447,-0.015312,-0.013349,-0.023344,-0.015115,0.011995,0.004434,0.014832,-0.004252,-0.014599,-0.003710,0.000493,-0.001566,-0.006826
Tunisia_Punic_oAfrican:I31735,0.007968,0.146236,-0.001886,-0.057171,0.027390,-0.024821,-0.016451,0.000231,0.042541,0.030616,0.003573,0.005245,0.011447,-0.018992,0.000814,-0.010872,0.011083,-0.022044,-0.033938,-0.002751,-0.015597,-0.033386,0.012941,-0.013616,0.002155
Tunisia_Punic:I35343,0.099026,0.161469,-0.002640,-0.047158,0.027390,-0.014781,-0.011751,0.003692,0.015748,0.028793,0.001786,-0.011390,0.003717,0.001376,0.000000,-0.002121,0.007432,0.005068,-0.010433,0.006003,-0.000374,-0.009150,0.005300,-0.013616,-0.016885
Tunisia_Punic:I35328,0.043253,0.142174,-0.007165,-0.043605,0.022158,-0.019243,-0.010810,0.002769,0.022702,0.023873,0.000162,0.000450,0.010406,-0.013762,-0.000950,-0.001591,0.013821,0.006334,-0.021369,-0.005253,0.006489,-0.008532,0.002342,0.004338,-0.000838
Italy_Sicily_IA_oAfrica:I24673,0.025041,0.136081,0.012445,-0.039406,0.028005,-0.032072,-0.013161,-0.000462,0.052154,0.026060,-0.003897,-0.006894,0.019475,-0.026011,0.010993,0.008353,0.011213,-0.021284,-0.031299,0.022886,-0.000125,-0.027451,0.020582,-0.003615,0.005748
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I24676,0.081953,0.148267,0.016970,-0.056202,0.039700,-0.010877,-0.007520,-0.005538,0.019225,0.039910,-0.001137,0.010191,-0.004757,-0.003303,-0.002036,0.006099,0.016820,-0.006588,-0.011690,-0.007629,-0.015597,-0.009274,0.004437,-0.007832,-0.014011
Israel_Phoenician:I22252,0.075123,0.157407,-0.043746,-0.090763,0.004616,-0.029841,0.011751,-0.006923,0.029451,0.009112,0.000162,-0.012589,0.022150,-0.009634,-0.002714,0.010872,0.025686,0.001774,-0.009804,0.002376,0.010731,0.014344,0.000493,0.002289,-0.005628
Tunisia_Punic:I24032,0.094473,0.159438,0.006788,-0.073644,0.026774,-0.027331,-0.013396,0.004615,0.032724,0.047199,0.005684,0.005395,-0.000743,-0.007019,-0.011943,-0.015646,0.007041,0.001520,0.002514,-0.000750,-0.007612,-0.009150,-0.000616,-0.010242,-0.009221
Tunisia_Punic:I24189,0.109270,0.156392,0.000000,-0.062985,0.039084,-0.017570,0.001645,0.006692,0.017794,0.041550,-0.005359,0.002847,0.006987,-0.011423,-0.012893,0.005569,0.012517,0.001394,0.015335,-0.010630,0.000000,0.007172,-0.010969,0.001446,0.002994
Tunisia_Punic:I24192,0.094473,0.161469,-0.001508,-0.054910,0.032314,-0.035140,-0.010575,-0.009692,0.034155,0.043554,0.004709,0.008992,-0.009514,-0.005918,0.000543,0.001591,0.006258,0.005828,-0.006411,-0.001626,-0.004118,0.006306,0.002835,-0.004940,-0.000479
Tunisia_Punic_oAfricaHigh:I24205,-0.028456,0.131003,-0.008297,-0.074290,0.034468,-0.048527,-0.029846,0.001385,0.080173,0.036265,-0.000162,-0.002847,0.026759,-0.012386,0.009229,-0.018165,-0.002086,-0.028125,-0.046508,0.006503,-0.015223,-0.026956,0.025636,-0.011447,0.010179
Tunisia_Punic_oAfrica:I24215,0.025041,0.147252,0.008297,-0.051680,0.030159,-0.032072,-0.017156,0.000462,0.050926,0.030069,0.013965,0.000450,0.012190,-0.006606,0.010858,-0.006762,0.008214,-0.023817,-0.013073,0.015382,-0.009858,-0.023494,0.012078,-0.001446,0.016046
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I24555,0.109270,0.141159,0.037335,-0.027778,0.034776,-0.011713,-0.006815,-0.011076,0.026997,0.027518,0.004060,0.007943,-0.028394,-0.006606,-0.007600,-0.014452,-0.004172,-0.007475,0.002263,-0.005253,-0.006489,0.004822,-0.005300,-0.002530,-0.005748
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I21853,0.114961,0.153345,0.004903,-0.055556,0.017234,-0.034582,0.008460,-0.003461,-0.000818,0.035172,-0.003248,0.011240,-0.015907,0.004679,-0.002986,-0.000133,0.001043,-0.006081,0.006411,-0.011506,-0.001747,0.000495,-0.004314,0.001446,-0.002036
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I21855,0.129758,0.158423,0.058077,-0.018411,0.047086,-0.009761,-0.008930,0.006923,0.012680,0.047017,0.000000,0.012589,-0.026610,-0.007569,-0.011129,-0.014585,-0.002347,-0.003547,0.015587,-0.004127,-0.008235,0.014467,-0.015529,-0.007109,0.002515
Italy_Sardinia_Roman_oEurope:I22112,0.125205,0.147252,0.054305,0.020026,0.047701,0.000558,0.004700,-0.005307,0.018816,0.039181,-0.004709,0.004796,-0.012339,-0.011973,0.000950,0.002254,0.003651,0.014062,-0.004274,-0.002001,-0.002121,0.008903,-0.003451,-0.004820,-0.003113
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Roman:I22125,0.126344,0.172640,0.037712,-0.049419,0.078168,-0.038766,-0.009400,-0.008077,0.050313,0.083646,0.005684,0.025777,-0.033746,-0.001927,-0.012622,-0.020021,-0.010561,0.010515,0.005279,-0.009129,0.003494,0.008532,-0.013804,-0.032776,0.010298
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22236,0.079676,0.148267,0.006788,-0.043928,0.044931,-0.023427,-0.003525,-0.003461,0.040291,0.046652,0.018512,0.007643,-0.016947,-0.007707,0.002307,-0.007292,0.018775,-0.001014,-0.006913,-0.000625,0.002121,-0.011623,0.008627,-0.027112,-0.008023
Spain_Punic_o.3rd.degree.relative.cluster:I18199,0.104717,0.148267,-0.002640,-0.062985,0.026159,-0.014502,-0.011045,-0.012230,0.022907,0.024237,-0.001786,0.005995,0.008028,0.001376,-0.019408,0.000530,-0.003781,-0.004687,0.005028,0.001876,0.006364,0.004081,0.002218,-0.008796,-0.009819
Italy_Sicily_Roman:I12664,0.095611,0.149283,0.002640,-0.046189,0.026466,-0.037092,-0.006345,-0.010153,0.033951,0.038816,0.006983,-0.001948,-0.000297,-0.001789,-0.016694,-0.009149,0.006519,0.001647,0.005028,-0.007128,-0.006114,-0.007172,-0.006162,-0.013496,-0.005508
Italy_Sicily_Roman:I12849,0.077400,0.132019,-0.053928,-0.059432,-0.013541,-0.038208,-0.003995,0.001615,0.002045,0.015490,0.007632,-0.000749,0.009960,0.000138,-0.003257,0.003713,-0.005346,-0.011402,-0.002514,-0.002501,-0.000250,0.000742,0.005300,0.004217,-0.003113
Unknown_Punic:I8577,0.136588,0.143190,0.054682,0.031654,0.051086,0.006136,0.007285,0.007154,0.015544,0.019864,-0.001949,0.005695,-0.010852,-0.011147,0.015065,-0.002121,-0.009648,0.007095,0.002514,0.006878,0.007237,0.000989,-0.006779,-0.016147,-0.001078
Unknown_Punic:I8135,0.126344,0.148267,0.059208,0.013889,0.067397,0.007251,-0.000235,0.004615,0.024952,0.035901,-0.008444,0.010790,-0.016947,-0.021882,0.016015,0.008221,-0.011865,0.002280,0.000377,-0.001126,0.008610,-0.002349,-0.010476,-0.003133,-0.002994
Tunisia_Punic:I35338,0.097888,0.139128,-0.004903,-0.058786,0.036007,-0.015618,0.007285,-0.007846,0.029656,0.039181,0.015427,0.016785,-0.007136,-0.015414,-0.003800,0.019093,0.002738,0.006334,-0.006913,0.001626,-0.015972,0.011252,-0.013927,0.002651,-0.000599
Tunisia_Punic:I35287,0.109270,0.154360,-0.009805,-0.043605,0.039700,-0.020080,-0.003995,0.011769,0.032110,0.047381,-0.006658,0.010790,-0.015461,0.004817,0.002172,-0.007955,-0.019036,0.001140,0.002765,-0.001251,-0.008360,-0.013478,0.006162,0.001687,-0.003592
Spain_Punic:I27602,0.070570,0.146236,0.007542,-0.046512,0.034468,-0.019522,-0.020211,0.000923,0.033951,0.026606,0.016564,0.005695,-0.012933,-0.014588,0.000950,0.001061,-0.010431,0.006588,-0.015838,-0.004252,-0.006239,-0.005812,0.003944,-0.019280,0.000120
Spain_Punic:I27613,0.108132,0.155376,0.007542,-0.030685,0.030467,-0.026216,0.003995,-0.009230,0.025156,0.041732,-0.001299,0.004496,-0.016799,-0.025873,-0.005022,0.010475,-0.001825,-0.007601,-0.013324,-0.006378,-0.003993,0.000124,-0.011585,-0.007471,0.010658
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I24556,0.109270,0.156392,-0.016593,-0.059755,0.027390,-0.032351,-0.013866,-0.009230,0.034565,0.032256,-0.005359,0.009741,-0.006244,-0.010597,-0.001086,-0.014452,-0.006780,0.006714,0.008799,0.005503,0.004742,0.015333,0.002465,-0.015303,-0.001078
Italy_Sicily_LateAntiquity:I24560,0.088782,0.143190,-0.058831,-0.069768,-0.033237,-0.022311,-0.006110,-0.004615,-0.001023,0.008747,0.015427,-0.006145,0.000000,0.011560,-0.015472,0.001326,-0.029858,0.005068,-0.005028,-0.004502,-0.004617,0.007172,-0.017624,-0.000602,0.009340
Italy_Sicily_IA_oEurope:I24672,0.121791,0.147252,0.042615,-0.002261,0.048009,0.002510,-0.008930,-0.001385,0.010226,0.048293,-0.002598,0.008842,-0.031070,-0.014450,0.020765,-0.000928,0.003912,-0.001140,0.000377,-0.005628,0.005865,-0.000989,-0.007518,-0.010001,0.000239
Unknown_Punic:I24041,0.113823,0.156392,0.011691,-0.051357,0.032006,-0.010877,-0.007520,-0.004384,0.034974,0.041003,0.010068,0.003597,-0.015461,-0.017203,-0.013843,-0.002917,0.003260,0.002027,-0.004525,0.012381,-0.003743,0.002102,0.001725,0.002169,-0.006466
Unknown_Punic:I24045,0.105855,0.151314,0.030924,-0.032946,0.051702,-0.010598,-0.013161,-0.007615,0.019021,0.038270,-0.004060,0.005095,-0.012339,-0.004542,-0.013843,-0.017502,-0.009909,0.000000,-0.009679,-0.007879,-0.003993,-0.010263,0.007148,-0.004940,0.005149
Tunisia_Punic:I24047,0.110408,0.166547,0.016216,-0.052003,0.022466,-0.014502,0.000470,-0.000462,0.032724,0.043554,0.013478,0.013488,-0.012933,0.002064,-0.018594,-0.017502,-0.009779,0.005448,-0.002765,-0.008629,-0.001996,0.004204,-0.016269,-0.015544,0.003233
Unknown_Punic:I24048,0.102441,0.150298,0.017725,-0.031977,0.036930,-0.011435,-0.001410,-0.014999,0.025975,0.040639,0.006171,0.012139,-0.006541,-0.010184,-0.006379,0.008353,0.020992,-0.005701,-0.004651,0.007379,-0.004991,-0.014715,0.004437,-0.011809,-0.010658
Tunisia_Punic:I24194,0.105855,0.147252,-0.008297,-0.063954,0.021542,-0.026216,0.004935,-0.006461,0.021270,0.023873,0.015752,0.011090,0.002527,-0.002890,-0.007872,-0.000796,0.005607,-0.005954,-0.007542,0.013506,-0.000749,-0.011129,-0.000123,-0.000482,0.006107
Tunisia_Punic:I24196,0.097888,0.151314,-0.012445,-0.059432,0.011079,-0.015339,-0.000940,-0.009230,0.032110,0.021868,-0.005196,0.007643,-0.000892,-0.001514,-0.004343,-0.006364,0.000652,0.002154,-0.006913,-0.017383,0.005989,0.008037,0.002095,-0.004940,0.002754
Tunisia_Punic_oAfricaHigh:I24206,-0.078538,0.131003,-0.017725,-0.072029,0.027697,-0.046017,-0.032431,0.003000,0.096740,0.028611,0.002111,0.002548,0.023191,-0.010597,0.017915,-0.027313,-0.003390,-0.033066,-0.055056,0.008379,-0.019216,-0.049461,0.031182,-0.003615,0.011256
Tunisia_Punic:I24213,0.116100,0.153345,0.024136,-0.051034,0.042777,-0.016733,-0.006815,0.003692,0.025770,0.043919,0.010230,0.002548,-0.021556,0.002615,0.004072,-0.006497,-0.002477,0.007601,-0.004274,-0.014382,-0.005116,-0.001360,-0.003328,-0.016026,0.001557
Tunisia_Punic:I24494,0.109270,0.156392,0.031301,-0.035530,0.041238,-0.015618,0.006345,-0.009230,0.013908,0.034625,0.007632,0.013788,-0.011447,-0.013487,-0.012079,-0.007425,-0.004172,-0.000507,0.002388,0.001751,-0.003369,-0.006059,-0.013680,0.003133,-0.003473
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Late_oEurope:I22114,0.133173,0.139128,0.066750,0.044574,0.050471,0.021196,0.003995,0.008077,0.016975,0.019499,-0.004222,0.015736,-0.001041,-0.007432,0.008143,0.012463,0.008084,0.008108,0.001006,-0.015507,0.001872,0.004822,-0.009860,-0.005422,-0.002754
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22121,0.135449,0.151314,0.043369,-0.004522,0.053548,-0.005857,-0.008460,-0.000462,0.030270,0.043919,-0.006658,0.010041,-0.023191,-0.012661,0.009093,0.005701,0.018123,-0.001267,0.008296,0.004877,0.004243,0.005812,-0.005423,-0.010001,-0.004311
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22232,0.066017,0.146236,0.013576,-0.068476,0.034160,-0.024263,-0.011045,-0.013384,0.047859,0.044101,0.005196,-0.017684,-0.002081,-0.003303,0.001493,-0.013524,-0.015646,0.005828,-0.005656,0.006628,-0.011605,-0.011005,0.003204,-0.010242,0.000838
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I21856,0.077400,0.143190,-0.056945,-0.093347,-0.011079,-0.034861,-0.005875,-0.013153,0.008999,-0.010023,0.023709,-0.010191,0.031070,-0.018854,-0.007736,-0.007558,-0.020210,-0.010135,0.008673,0.001376,0.001996,0.002226,-0.005669,0.013978,0.008143
Italy_Sicily_Roman:I21858,0.055773,0.154360,0.014331,-0.061693,0.043700,-0.039602,-0.008695,0.001615,0.059107,0.054306,0.011367,0.013788,-0.008028,-0.004817,-0.001086,-0.005038,0.002477,0.003801,-0.018478,0.004377,0.004118,-0.015209,0.018610,0.001084,0.017603
Italy_Sardinia_Roman:I21964,0.114961,0.153345,0.046386,-0.016473,0.051702,-0.013387,0.000000,-0.002308,0.035178,0.038270,-0.011530,0.008243,-0.028840,-0.019955,0.014929,-0.002387,-0.005867,-0.004814,0.003017,-0.001626,0.006863,0.007048,-0.011832,-0.019159,-0.006945
Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Late_oNAfrica:I21966,0.050082,0.145221,-0.010936,-0.058140,0.045547,-0.026774,-0.013396,0.005538,0.048472,0.042643,0.001137,-0.000599,0.018285,0.002615,0.005565,-0.007425,0.010170,0.002787,-0.014832,-0.012756,-0.015722,-0.012242,0.026129,-0.010724,-0.005868
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I22000,0.037562,0.140143,-0.026776,-0.071706,-0.009540,-0.041555,-0.003525,-0.003692,0.025156,0.018041,0.001624,-0.011240,0.004162,-0.009358,0.010993,-0.009812,-0.009127,-0.003927,-0.006662,0.000125,0.003993,-0.028316,0.005916,0.004458,0.000239
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I22001,0.004553,0.142174,-0.024513,-0.073644,-0.002462,-0.031515,-0.018096,0.004846,0.043973,0.025695,0.008769,-0.010041,0.017839,-0.010872,0.016015,-0.013789,-0.003651,0.000000,-0.040223,0.010880,-0.014599,-0.032521,0.019103,-0.007350,0.006945
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I4799,0.124067,0.162485,0.020742,-0.040375,0.037853,-0.015897,-0.001410,-0.011307,0.037428,0.053942,0.004060,0.007643,-0.019921,0.002340,-0.001357,0.000928,0.008084,-0.007728,0.004902,-0.011130,-0.005615,0.000371,-0.013557,-0.010965,-0.004311
Spain_Punic_o.3rd.degree.relative.cluster_alt:I18201,0.106994,0.154360,-0.020365,-0.054264,0.023697,-0.022032,0.004700,-0.000692,0.011453,0.038816,-0.006496,0.002548,-0.002676,-0.004129,-0.006786,-0.010872,-0.003912,0.005954,0.000754,0.002126,0.009109,-0.002597,-0.002588,-0.003253,-0.004910
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Roman:I12665,0.088782,0.154360,-0.060339,-0.087533,-0.017542,-0.038208,-0.003525,-0.004154,0.011658,0.013121,0.019811,-0.011839,0.029137,-0.000138,-0.011943,0.005038,-0.017602,0.002280,0.010936,0.003752,0.015473,0.003833,0.000370,0.002771,-0.003353
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I12666,0.129758,0.168578,0.004148,-0.061047,0.031083,-0.022590,0.012691,-0.009230,0.022293,0.040639,0.005034,0.009142,-0.026016,0.003303,-0.024973,-0.009414,0.011343,-0.007728,0.001885,-0.001501,0.002620,0.000247,-0.007272,-0.004217,0.010777
Italy_Sicily_Punic_Roman:I12844,0.070570,0.155376,-0.000754,-0.052649,0.018157,-0.022869,-0.008225,0.001385,0.037428,0.038270,-0.004060,0.006894,-0.014123,-0.005780,-0.005836,-0.008221,0.001173,-0.017230,-0.008045,-0.012756,-0.015098,-0.009150,0.002218,-0.002651,0.001676
Algeria_IA:I12433,-0.116100,0.126941,0.014708,-0.075582,0.022466,-0.040439,-0.028906,0.004846,0.111261,0.035718,0.004547,-0.004946,0.022299,-0.021332,0.026194,-0.023203,0.004955,-0.023437,-0.050279,0.018384,-0.016970,-0.047112,0.019596,-0.004820,0.009221

#	Sample Name	G25 Coordinates
1	Tunisia_Punic:I35325	`0.101303,0.171624,-0.007542,-0.073967,0.031390,-0....`
2	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I7265	`0.099026,0.133034,-0.037712,-0.062016,-0.023697,-0...`
3	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I7261	`0.069432,0.155376,0.000377,-0.063631,0.057549,-0.0...`
4	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I4800	`0.091058,0.149283,0.004148,-0.062016,0.024004,-0.0...`
5	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I4798	`0.108132,0.152329,-0.011691,-0.070091,0.025851,-0....`
6	Spain_Punic_Late:I26931	`0.094473,0.150298,0.009428,-0.046835,0.039700,-0.0...`
7	Tunisia_Punic:I28504	`0.099026,0.164516,-0.023004,-0.063631,0.005847,-0....`
8	Italy_Sicily_IA_oEurope:I24674	`0.136588,0.144205,0.044500,0.023579,0.048624,0.008...`
9	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I24557	`0.060326,0.153345,-0.017348,-0.064600,0.022158,-0....`
10	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I24671	`0.124067,0.146236,0.028284,-0.008075,0.029236,0.00...`
11	Israel_Phoenician:I22260	`0.083091,0.143190,-0.052797,-0.088502,-0.004001,-0...`
12	Unknown_Punic:I24031	`0.051220,0.152329,0.003017,-0.070091,0.043700,-0.0...`
13	Unknown_Punic:I24033	`0.061464,0.140143,-0.007165,-0.058140,0.037545,-0....`
14	Unknown_Punic:I24036	`-0.086506,0.140143,0.006411,-0.079458,0.038161,-0....`
15	Unknown_Punic:I24039	`0.023903,0.154360,0.002640,-0.074936,0.043085,-0.0...`
16	Unknown_Punic:I24040	`0.092197,0.167562,0.006034,-0.044574,0.035083,-0.0...`
17	Tunisia_Punic:I24193	`0.119514,0.143190,0.023759,-0.028424,0.026466,-0.0...`
18	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I21197	`0.110408,0.159438,-0.019987,-0.076228,0.022773,-0....`
19	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I21851	`0.113823,0.144205,-0.002263,-0.058140,0.022158,-0....`
20	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I21850	`0.055773,0.156392,0.000377,-0.066861,0.044931,-0.0...`
21	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I21857	`0.056912,0.141159,0.007542,-0.071706,0.041546,-0.0...`
22	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Roman:I21859	`0.129758,0.148267,0.061848,0.021641,0.059396,-0.00...`
23	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Late_oLevant:I22119	`0.085367,0.139128,-0.052420,-0.096254,-0.012925,-0...`
24	Italy_Sicily_MBA:I22238	`0.114961,0.173656,0.009051,-0.085595,0.058165,-0.0...`
25	Tunisia_Punic:I35336	`0.079676,0.145221,-0.011314,-0.051034,0.025235,-0....`
26	Spain_Punic_Late:I18203	`0.108132,0.143190,-0.010936,-0.058786,0.037853,-0....`
27	Spain_Punic_Late_oAfrica:I18193	`-0.083091,0.121864,-0.015839,-0.093024,0.050163,-0...`
28	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Roman:I12846	`0.092197,0.147252,0.014331,-0.044897,0.032929,-0.0...`
29	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I12847	`0.092197,0.152329,0.016216,-0.048773,0.021235,-0.0...`
30	Israel_Phoenician:I11794	`0.093335,0.148267,-0.071653,-0.101422,-0.027697,-0...`
31	Tunisia_Punic:I35339	`0.092197,0.153345,0.003771,-0.055556,0.039700,-0.0...`
32	Tunisia_Punic:I35327	`0.110408,0.159438,-0.007165,-0.053618,0.034160,-0....`
33	Tunisia_Punic:I28502	`0.099026,0.151314,-0.006411,-0.048127,0.021850,-0....`
34	Spain_Punic:I26932	`0.095611,0.155376,-0.004903,-0.068153,0.013849,-0....`
35	Spain_Punic:I26842	`0.110408,0.157407,0.010182,-0.043605,0.023389,-0.0...`
36	Spain_Punic_Late:I26915	`0.110408,0.159438,-0.013953,-0.067184,0.018465,-0....`
37	Spain_Punic_oLNBA:I27618	`0.130897,0.162485,0.067127,0.004522,0.064935,-0.00...`
38	Spain_Punic_o1:I27619	`0.077400,0.152329,0.028284,-0.032300,0.042469,-0.0...`
39	Spain_Punic_oLNBA:I27620	`0.126344,0.142174,0.056191,0.020995,0.056318,0.000...`
40	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I24675	`0.104717,0.148267,-0.016593,-0.066215,0.034776,-0....`
41	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I24678	`0.111547,0.147252,0.001886,-0.046189,0.034468,-0.0...`
42	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I24679	`0.119514,0.149283,-0.011314,-0.068476,0.012310,-0....`
43	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I24680	`0.077400,0.145221,-0.009051,-0.053295,0.011387,-0....`
44	Unknown_Punic:I24044	`0.075123,0.169593,0.004525,-0.058140,0.044316,-0.0...`
45	Unknown_Punic:I24049	`0.102441,0.148267,-0.003394,-0.054910,0.023389,-0....`
46	Tunisia_Punic_Africa:I24208	`0.035285,0.152329,0.009051,-0.080427,0.039392,-0.0...`
47	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I24554	`0.063741,0.144205,-0.060339,-0.097546,-0.002154,-0...`
48	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I24558	`0.100164,0.155376,-0.050157,-0.075582,-0.006463,-0...`
49	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22118	`0.105855,0.153345,0.029038,-0.020026,0.034776,-0.0...`
50	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22122	`0.110408,0.153345,0.000377,-0.053941,0.022466,-0.0...`
51	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22235	`0.100164,0.163500,-0.007920,-0.066861,0.028313,-0....`
52	Italy_Sicily_MBA:I22241	`0.113823,0.178733,0.011691,-0.061693,0.054164,-0.0...`
53	Israel_Phoenician:I22254	`0.068294,0.152329,-0.073161,-0.116281,-0.012925,-0...`
54	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I21195	`0.109270,0.160454,0.007542,-0.029716,0.014156,-0.0...`
55	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22095	`0.109270,0.151314,0.001508,-0.059432,0.039084,-0.0...`
56	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22096	`0.116100,0.156392,0.042992,-0.016796,0.036622,-0.0...`
57	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Roman_oNAfrica:I22113	`0.009106,0.135065,-0.007542,-0.067184,0.024004,-0....`
58	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22115	`0.114961,0.155376,0.026776,-0.036499,0.038776,-0.0...`
59	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22117	`0.080814,0.148267,-0.004903,-0.057494,0.008617,-0....`
60	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I12848	`0.112685,0.163500,0.007920,-0.056202,0.018773,-0.0...`
61	Tunisia_Punic_oAfrican:I31735	`0.007968,0.146236,-0.001886,-0.057171,0.027390,-0....`
62	Tunisia_Punic:I35343	`0.099026,0.161469,-0.002640,-0.047158,0.027390,-0....`
63	Tunisia_Punic:I35328	`0.043253,0.142174,-0.007165,-0.043605,0.022158,-0....`
64	Italy_Sicily_IA_oAfrica:I24673	`0.025041,0.136081,0.012445,-0.039406,0.028005,-0.0...`
65	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I24676	`0.081953,0.148267,0.016970,-0.056202,0.039700,-0.0...`
66	Israel_Phoenician:I22252	`0.075123,0.157407,-0.043746,-0.090763,0.004616,-0....`
67	Tunisia_Punic:I24032	`0.094473,0.159438,0.006788,-0.073644,0.026774,-0.0...`
68	Tunisia_Punic:I24189	`0.109270,0.156392,0.000000,-0.062985,0.039084,-0.0...`
69	Tunisia_Punic:I24192	`0.094473,0.161469,-0.001508,-0.054910,0.032314,-0....`
70	Tunisia_Punic_oAfricaHigh:I24205	`-0.028456,0.131003,-0.008297,-0.074290,0.034468,-0...`
71	Tunisia_Punic_oAfrica:I24215	`0.025041,0.147252,0.008297,-0.051680,0.030159,-0.0...`
72	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I24555	`0.109270,0.141159,0.037335,-0.027778,0.034776,-0.0...`
73	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I21853	`0.114961,0.153345,0.004903,-0.055556,0.017234,-0.0...`
74	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Late:I21855	`0.129758,0.158423,0.058077,-0.018411,0.047086,-0.0...`
75	Italy_Sardinia_Roman_oEurope:I22112	`0.125205,0.147252,0.054305,0.020026,0.047701,0.000...`
76	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Roman:I22125	`0.126344,0.172640,0.037712,-0.049419,0.078168,-0.0...`
77	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22236	`0.079676,0.148267,0.006788,-0.043928,0.044931,-0.0...`
78	Spain_Punic_o.3rd.degree.relative.cluster:I18199	`0.104717,0.148267,-0.002640,-0.062985,0.026159,-0....`
79	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I12664	`0.095611,0.149283,0.002640,-0.046189,0.026466,-0.0...`
80	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I12849	`0.077400,0.132019,-0.053928,-0.059432,-0.013541,-0...`
81	Unknown_Punic:I8577	`0.136588,0.143190,0.054682,0.031654,0.051086,0.006...`
82	Unknown_Punic:I8135	`0.126344,0.148267,0.059208,0.013889,0.067397,0.007...`
83	Tunisia_Punic:I35338	`0.097888,0.139128,-0.004903,-0.058786,0.036007,-0....`
84	Tunisia_Punic:I35287	`0.109270,0.154360,-0.009805,-0.043605,0.039700,-0....`
85	Spain_Punic:I27602	`0.070570,0.146236,0.007542,-0.046512,0.034468,-0.0...`
86	Spain_Punic:I27613	`0.108132,0.155376,0.007542,-0.030685,0.030467,-0.0...`
87	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I24556	`0.109270,0.156392,-0.016593,-0.059755,0.027390,-0....`
88	Italy_Sicily_LateAntiquity:I24560	`0.088782,0.143190,-0.058831,-0.069768,-0.033237,-0...`
89	Italy_Sicily_IA_oEurope:I24672	`0.121791,0.147252,0.042615,-0.002261,0.048009,0.00...`
90	Unknown_Punic:I24041	`0.113823,0.156392,0.011691,-0.051357,0.032006,-0.0...`
91	Unknown_Punic:I24045	`0.105855,0.151314,0.030924,-0.032946,0.051702,-0.0...`
92	Tunisia_Punic:I24047	`0.110408,0.166547,0.016216,-0.052003,0.022466,-0.0...`
93	Unknown_Punic:I24048	`0.102441,0.150298,0.017725,-0.031977,0.036930,-0.0...`
94	Tunisia_Punic:I24194	`0.105855,0.147252,-0.008297,-0.063954,0.021542,-0....`
95	Tunisia_Punic:I24196	`0.097888,0.151314,-0.012445,-0.059432,0.011079,-0....`
96	Tunisia_Punic_oAfricaHigh:I24206	`-0.078538,0.131003,-0.017725,-0.072029,0.027697,-0...`
97	Tunisia_Punic:I24213	`0.116100,0.153345,0.024136,-0.051034,0.042777,-0.0...`
98	Tunisia_Punic:I24494	`0.109270,0.156392,0.031301,-0.035530,0.041238,-0.0...`
99	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Late_oEurope:I22114	`0.133173,0.139128,0.066750,0.044574,0.050471,0.021...`
100	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Early:I22121	`0.135449,0.151314,0.043369,-0.004522,0.053548,-0.0...`
101	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I22232	`0.066017,0.146236,0.013576,-0.068476,0.034160,-0.0...`
102	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I21856	`0.077400,0.143190,-0.056945,-0.093347,-0.011079,-0...`
103	Italy_Sicily_Roman:I21858	`0.055773,0.154360,0.014331,-0.061693,0.043700,-0.0...`
104	Italy_Sardinia_Roman:I21964	`0.114961,0.153345,0.046386,-0.016473,0.051702,-0.0...`
105	Italy_Sardinia_Punic_Late_oNAfrica:I21966	`0.050082,0.145221,-0.010936,-0.058140,0.045547,-0....`
106	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I22000	`0.037562,0.140143,-0.026776,-0.071706,-0.009540,-0...`
107	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Possible:I22001	`0.004553,0.142174,-0.024513,-0.073644,-0.002462,-0...`
108	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I4799	`0.124067,0.162485,0.020742,-0.040375,0.037853,-0.0...`
109	Spain_Punic_o.3rd.degree.relative.cluster_alt:I18201	`0.106994,0.154360,-0.020365,-0.054264,0.023697,-0....`
110	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Roman:I12665	`0.088782,0.154360,-0.060339,-0.087533,-0.017542,-0...`
111	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Early:I12666	`0.129758,0.168578,0.004148,-0.061047,0.031083,-0.0...`
112	Italy_Sicily_Punic_Roman:I12844	`0.070570,0.155376,-0.000754,-0.052649,0.018157,-0....`
113	Algeria_IA:I12433	`-0.116100,0.126941,0.014708,-0.075582,0.022466,-0....`

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A response to the article: “Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no levantine ancestors”

Study Information

Abstract

G25 Coordinates 113 samples

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