🏺 Bubi's cave
Croatia
35 ancient DNA individuals excavated at Bubi's cave, Croatia, dated to 275 AD. associated with the Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) archaeological culture. Y-DNA haplogroups found on site include G2a2b2a1a1b1, J2b2a1a1a, G2a2b2a3b1, J1a2a1a2d2b. Explore each individual's haplogroups, radiocarbon dates and ancestral composition.
35
Individuals
275 AD
Earliest
275 AD
Latest
2
Studies
Average ancestral composition (35 individuals, non-zero components only)
ANF
56.6%
Steppe
28.8%
WHG
5.9%
CHG/Iran N
4.8%
EHG
2.7%
Natufian
1.7%
East Asian
1.4%
AASI
0.7%
Sub-Saharan
0.5%
Iberomaurusian
0.3%
ANE
0.2%
Native American
0.2%
Individuals excavated at this site (sorted chronologically)
| Sample ID | Label | Date | Sex | Y-DNA | mtDNA | Culture | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBC001 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | H33c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC002 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H76 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC003 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H33c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC004 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a1a1b1 | I5c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC005 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J1a2a1a2d2b | H4a1b1 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC006 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | HV0e | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC007 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | W1i1a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC008 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a | H7c1 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC009 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a1b2 | H104a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025; Gretzinger et al. 2025 |
| BBC010 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H33c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC011 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H104a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC012 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a | H13b1-a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC013 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | T1a-a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC014 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a3b1b | H76 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025; Gretzinger et al. 2025 |
| BBC015 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a1b | H5 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC016 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H33c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC017 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a1a1a | K1a3a3 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025; Gretzinger et al. 2025 |
| BBC018 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b | H7c1 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC019 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a | HV7 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC020 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H104a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC021 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a3b1 | H104a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC022 | Balkan_Roman_ME | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a3b1 | H76 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC023 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | H5 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC024 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a1a1b1 | I5c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC026 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | R1a1a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC027 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a1b2~ | K2b1b | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025; Gretzinger et al. 2025 |
| BBC029 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a1a1a1 | W1r | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC030 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | HV0e | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC031 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a1a1b | I5c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC032 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J2b2a | K1a3a3 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC033 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a1a1b1 | I5c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC034 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | G2a2b2a1a1b1 | I5c | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |
| BBC035 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | J1c2 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC037 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | F | H104a | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 | |
| BBC038 | Balkan_Roman_North | 275 AD | M | E1b1b1a1b1a | U8a1a1 | Roman Empire – Iapodes (Illyrianized Italo-Celts) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09437-6, Slavs2025 |